LOST-GENERATION

LOSTGENERATIONLOSTGENERATIONDefinitionMajorliteraryrepresentativesFeaturesInfluenceCommentsWhatisit?LostGenerationisaliteratureschooloriginatedinAmericaninthetwentiethcenturyLostGenerationreferstothegenerationaftertheWorldWarI.Meanwhile,italsoreferstotheyoungwriterswholivedasexpatriatesinWesternEuropeforashorttime.RepresentativesThetermLostGenerationwascoinedbyGertrudeSteintorefertoagroupofAmericanliterarynotableswholivedinParisinthe1920sand1930s.SignificantmembersincludedErnestHemingway,F.ScottFitzgerald,SherwoodAnderson,andGertrudeSteinherself.GertrudeStein格特鲁德.斯坦1874—1946Americanwriterofnovels,poetryandplaysAliteraryinnovatorandpioneerofModernistliteratureMajorWorks:ThreeLives(1909)《三种生活》Story:sympathyshowedbytheauthortotheAmericanworking-classwomen这部作品表达了对三位美国工人阶级妇女的同情ErnestHemingwayErnestHemingwayLifeandMajorWorks1899-1961Journalist&novelistNobelPrizeinLiteraturein1954forhisTheOldManandtheSeaSherwoodAndersonLifeandMajorWorksSherwoodAnderson(September13,1876–March8,1941)wasanAmericannovelistandshortstorywriter,knownforsubjectiveandself-revealingworks.Hewasself-educated,herosetobecomeasuccessfulcopywriterandbusinessownerinClevelandandElyria,Ohio.In1912,Andersonhadanervousbreakdownthatledhimtoabandonhisbusinessandfamilytobecomeawriter.LifeandMajorWorksHismostenduringworkistheshort-storysequenceWinesburg,Ohio,Hemaybemostrememberedforhisinfluentialeffectonthenextgenerationofyoungwriters,asheinspiredWilliamFaulkner,ErnestHemingway,JohnSteinbeck.HehelpedgainpublicationforFaulknerandHemingway.FeaturesThecommonfeaturesofthisgenerationisthattheyborehatredfortheimperialistwarsbutcouldnotfindawayoutofsuchstrongemotions.Theywereusuallyyoungpeopleintheirtwenties.AndtheywereencouragedtoenlistinthearmyandwenttothebattlefieldinEurope.WhileinEurope,theyfoundthattheywereactuallycheatedbecausewarswerenotheroicactions.Theso-calledprideandsacrificeanddemocracywereallfake.Theyenduredendlessbetterinthewarsandstartedtosearchforthemeaningofbeingalivethroughnegativemethodssuchasinsobrietyandloveaffairs.InfluenceofHemingwayasMajorRepresentativeBecausemostofhisworkstakethewarasbackground,describethepainsandhurtthewarbringstohumanbeing,andreflectayoungergeneration’saimlessnessandlossofthebeliefsaftertheWorldWarI,theseworksimmediatelywontheresponsesfrommanypeoplewhosurvivedthewarphysicallybutwereafterwardsspirituallyandmorallyadrift(withoutdirectionorpurpose).Then,HemingwaybecamethespokesmanforwhattheGertrudeSteinhadcalled“TheLostGeneration”.TheLostGenerationisalsocalledtheSadYoungManbyF.ScottFitzgeraldinhisbookwhichdescribesthedisillusionedyoungergenerationaftertheFirstWorldWar.commentsAnti-waremotionsBreakdownofemotionaldisillusionforCapitalismIndividualismNegativeattitudetowardslifeGreatimpactbytheJazzAge(technologicaldevelopment,lifestylechanges,tradition-valuebreakdown)迷茫的一代第一次世界大战后出现在美国的一个文学流派。它不是一个有组织、有共同纲领的团体。这个名词源出侨居巴黎的美国女作家格特鲁德·斯泰因。她有一次指着海明威等人说：“你们都是迷惘的一代。”海明威把这句话作为他的长篇小说《太阳照常升起》的一句题辞，于是“迷惘的一代”成了一个文学流派的名称。海明威是迷茫的一代的年轻知识分子的代言人。“迷惘的一代”作家的共同点是厌恶帝国主义战争，却又找不到出路；被战后摧毁所带来的背叛感与空虚感所困扰。他们在战争中经历了种种苦难，了解到普通兵士中间的反战情绪。这在他们心灵中留下了无法医治的创伤，他们开始寻找生活的意义。酗酒、谈恋爱，而他们的某些作品成为美国文学迄今为止最好的作品。在以往评论界倾向于肯定“迷惘的一代”突出的反战情绪及其对资本主义精神幻灭的刻画与揭露，同时批评其消极逃遁的个人主义和悲观色彩。早在大战爆发之前，支撑旧文化的三根支柱，即对传统道德、社会进步与绅士文化的信念，已被进步主义改革所带来的政治与经济变化腐蚀并凿空了基础。一遇上世界大战的强烈冲击，整个旧文化轰然崩塌，留下的残垣断壁便成为新文化各阵营的狼奔豕突之地。科技与物质文明的进步也极大地便利了现代文化的传播。