高中英语中的10种动词时态总结

英语中的动词有时态(Tense)要求。所谓“时”,即动作发生的时间；“态”，即动作的方式状态。“时”有四种：现在时，过去时，将来时，过去将来时；“态”也有四种：一般式，进行式，完成式，完成进行式。因此，英语中一共有16种时态。常用的时态有9种，过去时现在时将来时一般式一般过去时（did）一般现在时（do,does）一般将来时（will+do;begoingto+do）进行式过去进行时（was/were+do-ing）现在进行时（am/is/are+do-ing）将来进行时（will/shall/is,aregoingtobedo-ing）完成式过去完成时（haddone）现在完成时（have／hasdone）将来完成时（shall/will+havedone）二.新课讲解1.一般过去时（thePastSimple）(1)用法(uses)表示过去某时发生的动作或存在的情况。如：Heworkedinabankallhislife.HediscoveredadesertislandinthePcific.Thesafariwasexcitingbutdangerous.Iknewwhathemeant.TheyalwaysinterviewednewemployeesonFridays.(2)形式（form）即动词的过去式，分两种情况，一种是在动词结尾加ed或ied，这种动词称为规则动词，另一种不能加，形式多样，称为不规则动词。规则动词：a.一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed，如：work-workedplay-playedwant-wantedact-actedb.以不发音的-e结尾动词，动词词尾加-d，如：live-livedmove-moveddecide-decideddecline-declinedhope-hopedjudge-judgedraise-raisedwipe-wipedc.以辅音字母+y结尾的动词，把-y变为-i再加-ed，如：study-studiedtry-triedcopy-copiedjustify-justifiedcry-criedcarry-carriedembody-embodiedempty-emptiedd.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写词尾辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stoppedbeg-beggeddrag-draggeddrop-droppedplan-planneddrip-dripped不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强，须多加记忆。go-wentmake-madeget-gotbuy-boughtcome-camefly-flew(3)一般过去时的时间状语PastSimpleandTimeAdverbials下列时间状语常和一般过去时连用：yesterday,lastmonth,lastMonday,twodaysago,threeyearsago等等。即在句子中出现这样的词语时，要注意句子的谓语动词用一般过去时。Ifinallypassedthedrivingtestlastweek.（4）一般过去时的疑问式和否定式：一般过去时的疑问句和否定句用did和didn’t+动词原形。如：Didyouseethematchlastnight?Wedidn’tseethebeginningofthemoviebecausewewerelate.2.一般现在时（PresentSimple）(1)用法usesa.表示反复发生的动作，日常活动，习惯等。如：Ialwaystakesugarincoffee.Idon’tsmoke.Marywearsaponytail.b.表示一般的真理或永久性的状态。如：Waterfreezesat32Fahrenheit.Wehaveaverygoodrelationshipwithourparents.Heresembleshisfather.c.表示将来的官方事件或不变的时间表。如：TheChineseSpringFestivalfallsonaFridaynextyear.Thelastfilmshowbeginsat9p.m.2.形式（Form）a.陈述句中，除第三人称单数外，谓语动词都用原形。如：IliveinNanyang.TheyusuallywatchTVprogrammesonSaturdayevening.b.陈述句中，主语为第三人称单数(thirdpersonsingular)，谓语动词的结尾要加-s或-es(以y结尾的y变i加-es)。什么是第三人称单数？要满足两个条件，第一是第三人称，如she,he,they,it,John,myfather等等；第二是单数，即表示一个人或物，比如he,she,it,John,myfather等等，而they他们，是复数，多个人，不是单数。如：Shehurriestoworkeverymorning.Heputsonspecialequipmentwhenhedives.c.在疑问句，否定句或简略答语中，用do或does。如：Doesyourmothertravelalot?Yes,shedoes./No,shedoesn’t.Wedon’tlikeextremesports.Marydoesn’tunderstandwhyriskisexciting.d.一般现在时的时间状语（PresentSimpleandtimeadverbials）句子中如果有以下词语（时间状语），谓语动词常要用一般现在时。always,usually,regularly,everymorning/day/night/week/year,often,sometimes,occasionally,fromtimetotime,twiceaweek,rarely,seldom,onceamonth,hardlyever,never.等等IknowthatIdoputpeopledownoccasionally.Heregularlyswimsandplaystennis.Somepeoplenevergoonadventureholidays.Fromtimetotime,Idreamaboutbecomingamillionaire.3.一般将来时（theFutureIndefinite）(1)用法usesa.依据观点或信念揣测未来。如：Shewillmakeagoodlawyer.YouwillmakegreatprogressinEnglishstudyifyoufollowmyadviceandtakepersistentefforts.IthinkChinawillbecomearichcountryoneday.Whodoyouthinkwillwinthematch.b.表示说话时瞬间做出的决定，可能是提议或意图。如：Allright,Iwillhelpyouwiththehousework.IthinkIwon’tgotothepartyafterall.IthinkIwillgoforawalk.Ihaveaslightheadache.c.表示意愿、承诺和提议。如：Iwillalwaysbeyourfriend.Shewillbringbackyourbicycletomorrow.d.表示请求、邀请。如：Willyoucomewithme?Willyouwaitforme?WillyoucometomypartyonSundayevening?e.依据现在看到的迹象对未来事件做出推断。如：Lookattheclouds;it’sgoingtorain.Heisgoingtowinthematch.f.表示要做某事的主观意图。如：Iamgoingtochangemylifestylecompletely.Iamgoingtostudymedicine/law/finearts.Myparentsaregoingtomovetothecountryside.(2)形式（Form）will+动词原形(a,b,c,d);begoingto+动词原形（e,f）.beto+动词原形。如：TheyaretobemarriedinJune.ThePrimeMinisteristovisitChinanextmonth.ThebridgeistobeopentotrafficonOct.1.4.过去进行时（PastContinuous）(1)用法（uses）a.过去一段时间内的持续动作。如：IwasplanningtogoonatriptoGreece.Therobberswerewaitingatthebusstop.Hewasreadingfrommorningtillnightyesterday.b.描述故事发生的背景或状态。如：Hewassleepingunderatreewhenthestormbegan.Weweretalkingquietlyatthebarwhenafightbrokeout.过去进行时和一般过去时用于同一个句子时，过去进行时描述故事发生的背景，过去时说明该事件。如：Intheend,Iwasstandingthereinastateofshockwhenapolicemanaskedmeformynameandaddress.HewashavinglunchwhentheearthquakewasreportedonTV.(2)形式（Form）was/were+动词-ing.如：Hewasworkinginthegardenalthoughitwasraininghard.Thetrapezeartistwaspreparingheract.Wasthetrapezeartistpreparingheract?Thetrapezeartistwasn’tpreparingheract.5.现在进行时（PresentContinuous）(1)用法usesa.表示说话时正在进行的动作。如：Excuseme,youaresittinginmyseat.Myagentiswaitingforme,Ihavetogo.WearestudyingEnglishnow.b.表示一定时间段内经常进行的动作（暂时的日常活动或习惯）。如：WeareeatingalotofseafoodhereinSpain.Wearestrugglingwithbackwardnessandpoverty.c.已经确定或安排好的将来活动。如：WeareflyingtoParistomorrowmorning.IamleavingforatrekinNepalnextweek.Iamwritingtohertonight.Willyoupostthisletterformeifyouarepassingapostbox?(2).形式formam,is,are+动词-ing.Iamstayingataluxurioushotelbythesea.Grandpaisforgettingthingsnowadays.AretheyplanningtospendtheirholidaysinCorsica?(3).现在进行时的时间状语（PresentContinuousandtimeadverbials）常见的有：just,now,atthemoment,atpresent.这些时间状语可放在be和v-ing之间，可以放在句尾，也可以放在句首。Iamjustdrivingtowork.Wearehavingameetingatthemoment/now/atpresent.Atpresent,manyscientistsarelookingforintelligentformsoflifeoutsidetheEarth.(4)动词-ing的拼写规则a.一般情况下直接加ing,如：think---think