裕兴新概念英语第二册笔记-第51课

1Lesson51RewardforVirtue对美德的奖赏【Newwordsandexpressions】（10）rewardn.报偿virtuen.美德dietn.节食forbidv.禁止－forbade－forbiddenhurriedlyadv.匆忙地embarrassv.使尴尬guiltilyadv.内疚地strictadj.严格的rewardv.给奖赏occasionallyadv.偶尔地一．單詞講解：★rewardn.报偿同義詞compensate,pay,remunerate,award反義詞punish,punishment變化形名複rewards變化形動變rewardedrewardedrewarding（1）n.報酬、獎賞、酬謝、賞金eg：Hereceivedamedalinrewardforhisbravery.他因表現勇敢而獲得了一枚獎章.eg：A10-millionrewardhasbeenofferedforthecaptureofBinLaden.懸賞一千萬美元捉拿賓拉登。eg：Heworkedhardwithout（any）hopeofreward.他辛勤工作,但卻不期待得到報酬。（2）v.給予報酬，酬謝，報答eg：Isthishowyourewardmeformyhelp？你就這樣報答我對你的幫助嗎?eg：Youwillbefullyrewardedwithallyourefforts.你所有的努力都將得到充分的回報。eg：Iwillrewardyoulater.以後我會報答你。rewardingadj.報酬的,有益的,值得的arewardingexperience一次富有價值的經歷★virtuen.美德同義詞goodness,righteousness,morality變化形名複virtues（1）美德、善、清高（反意詞：vice惡行，缺德行為）amanofvirtue有德之人eg：Honestyisavirtue.誠實是一種美德。leadalifeofvirtue過高尚的生活eg：Virtueisitsownreward.(諺)做好事即樂在其中.eg：Allofthevirtuesgethere.全聚德（2）優點、長處eg：Thebigclasshasthevirtueofmakingmorefriends.大量的美德使能交更多的朋友。eg：Myroomhasvirtueofbeingwarmeveninwinter.我的房間有個好處即使是冬天也很溫暖。virtualadj.['və:tjuəl]實質的,實際上的2eg：Ourdeputymanageristhevirtualheadofthebusiness.我們的副經理是公司的實際負責人.★dietn.节食同義詞foodanddrink,food,foodstuffs,victuals變化形名複diets變化形動變dieteddieteddieting（1）節食goonadiet＝beonadiet實行節食loseweight減重←→putonweight＝gainweight增胖（2）（日常的）飲食abalanceddiet均衡的飲食；dietsheet（病人的）規定食譜★forbidv.禁止,不許[O1][O2][+v-ing...同義詞prohibit,disallow,bar,ban反義詞permit,allowforbid－forbade－forbidden－forbiddingforbid+n./doingeg：Whocanforbidourmarriage？誰可以禁止我們的婚姻？eg：Smokingisforbiddeninthisbuilding.在這幢樓裡吸煙是被禁止。forbidsb禁止某人…..eg：Ifyouwanttogo,Ican’tforbidyou.如果你想去，我不能阻止你。eg：Hedidn’tlikehisdaughter’sboyfriend,andforbadehimintothehouse.他不喜歡他女兒的男朋友，並禁止他進了屋。forbidsbtodo…….禁止某人做某事eg：Myfatherforbadmetowatchtelevision.我的父親就禁止我看電視。eg：Itisforbiddentosmokeinthisroom.（NoSmoking）在這個房間禁止吸煙。forbiddenadj.（被）禁止的forbiddenfruit禁果;非法的歡愉forbiddenground禁區、必須避免的問題、犯忌諱的問題theForbiddenCity故宮,紫禁城eg：Godforbidthatweshouldhaveclasstomorrow.上帝保佑，我們明天不用上課。★hurriedlyadv.匆忙地、草率地hurriedadj.倉促的,慌忙的；ahurriedtrip匆忙之旅ahurriedmeal匆忙吃了頓飯hurriedlyadv.['hʌridli]匆忙地；speakhurriedly匆促地講hurryv.匆忙,催促,趕緊eg：Don’thurry.不要急。eg：Hurryup.快點eg：Withthis,thewomanhurriedaway/off.說完了，該女子匆匆離去。eg：Hehurriedhome.他匆匆趕回家。eg：Hehurriedtoschool.他急忙趕到學校。hurryto+地點：匆忙趕到某地eg：Hehurriedbacktohisoffice.他急忙趕回他的辦公室。3eg：Theyhurriedintothecar.他們急忙上車。★embarrassv.使窘;使不好意思,使侷促不安[H][(...同義詞disconcert,discomfit,abash,confound變化形動變embarrassedembarrassedembarrassingembarrasssb使某人難堪eg：Yoursharpwordsembarrassedhimalot.你尖酸的話令他很難堪。eg：Areyoutryingtoembarrassme？你想要我難堪？eg：Don’tembarrassthembyasking/withpersonalquestions.不要問他們令人難堪的個人問題。eg：Shewasembarrassedbyhisloudlaughter.他的大笑令她感到尷尬。embarrassingadj.令人困惑的、難堪、尷尬的embarrassedadj.感到困惑的、難堪、尷尬的eg：Itwasobviousthathewasveryembarrassed.顯然他感到很窘。financiallyembarrassed＝shortofmoney囊中羞澀、經濟受窘embarrassment[imˈbærəsmənt]n.窘迫；困惑；為難anembarrassmentofriches好東西太多而難以選擇東西多得令人為難；財富多得成了累贅blushinembarrassment因難為情而臉紅區別：embassy[ˈembəsi]n.大館；大使館全體成員★guiltilyadv.内疚地（1）責任、罪行、罪狀eg：Guiltwaswrittenalloverherface.她的罪過都寫在臉上了；她在臉上寫滿了內疚。establishthesuspect’sguilt証實嫌疑犯有罪eg：Hedeniedhisguilt.他否認自己有罪。eg：Heconfessedhisguilt.他承認自己有罪。（2）不安、內疚feelingofguilt內疚感、罪悪感｛ざいあくかん｝、罪の意識｛いしき｝guilty['gilti]adj.有罪的,內疚的guiltless（innocent,clear）['giltlis]adj.不熟悉...的,無罪的eg：Ifeelguiltyaboutcuttingclasses.曠課我感到內疚。eg：IfeelguiltybecauseIhavenomoneytolendyou.因為我沒有錢借給你感到內疚。eg：Notguilty.裁決某人[無罪].eg：Theboyswereguiltyoftheft.男孩子們犯了盜竊罪。guiltilyadv.4eg：Shesmiledguiltilyasshesawme.當她看見我時她尷尬地笑。★strictadj.严格的、嚴厲的[(+with)]同義詞harsh,exact,precise,rigorous反義詞lenient,loose,lax變化形形變stricterstrictest（1）adj.嚴格地、嚴厲的bestrictwithsb對某人嚴厲＝bestrictinsb對某人嚴厲bestrictinone’swork/study對工作/學習嚴格eg：Firstofall,youmustbestrictwithyourself.首先，你必須嚴格要求自己。astrictteacher一位嚴格的老師；strictrules嚴格的規定（2）adj.嚴密地、正確地thestricttruth確鑿的事實、絕對真實inthestrictsense嚴格說來strictly['striktli]adv.嚴格地,完全地eg：Strictlyspeaking,youarenotfitforyourjob.嚴格來說，你是不適合這份工作。eg：Smokingisstrictlyprohibited.嚴禁吸煙、吸菸被嚴格地禁止。★occasionallyadv.偶尔地、偶爾,間或同義詞sometimes,nowandthen,onceinawhileadv.nowandthen,attimes偶而地eg：Ioccasionallygotothemovieswithhim.我偶爾和他去看電影。occasionaladj.偶而的occasionalvisits偶爾的拜訪eg：We’llhaveoccasionalsnowduringthenight.晚上偶而會下一陣雪。occasion[əˈkeiʒən]n.時刻，場合；盛會；時機；起因vt.引起ononeoccasion一次,onanotheroccasion另一次onthis/thatoccasion在這種/那種場合eg：It’salwaysthesameonthiskindofoccasions.在這種場合總是這樣的。eg：HehashadfewoccasionstospeakFrench.他很少有機會講法語。二．Keystructures：一般过去时一般過去時：表過去某時發生的動作或處於的狀態，通常表過去的時間狀語連用，（也可通過上、下文體現時間）。eg：Igotonthebusandsatdown.Eg：ThemagazineIorderedwassenttothewrongaddress.eg：Afirebrokeoutinourtownrecentlyandalargefactorywasburnttotheground.burnttotheground徹底燒毀5注意動詞不規則過去式、過去分詞eat－ate－eaten；wear－wore－wornwin－won－won；fall－fell－fallenbeat[bi:t]vt.打；戰勝vi.跳動n.跳動(聲)；節拍－beat－beatenforbid[fəˈbid]vt.不許，禁止－forbade－forbiddenlose－lost－lost；break－broke－brokenhide－hid－hidden；ring打電話－rang－rungburn－burnt/burned－burnt/burnedlead－led－ledrisevi.升起；起立(床)；上漲n.上漲；升高－rose－risenlie[lai]vi.躺，平放；位於；伸展；說謊n.謊話－lay－lainlay[lei]v.置放；鋪；產(蛋，卵)；設置；主張－laid－laidcreep[kri:p]vi.爬行，匍匐；躡手躡足地