汉语动词的题元结构与其句法表现

ISSN1671-9484CN32-1687/G2007764(29)3-21334200775620077(19)a.Johanistgegangen.(,ist=is)b.JohanhatdasBuchgekauft.(,hat=has)(impersonalpassive):,,:(a)(suppress)(demote),(b)(a),(b),()(20a)(20b):7(20)a.DieKindertanzenhieroft.Thechildrendancehereoften.b.eswirdhier(vondenKindern)oftgetanzt.itbecomeshere(bythechildren)oftendanced3()(=()):(21)a.DasKindistgesterngegangen.Thechildisyesterdaygone.b.3eswirdgesterngegangen.itbecomesyesterdaygone3(=),,,,,:,,3:(15b),,,(Ex2periencer):(22)a.()()b.?:,(==)c.,(=),(22a)come,(22b)cometome(=Ihave),(22c)bring(=causetocome),(thematichierarchy)8,,,,,,,,778:(a)tanzen,(b)dieKinder,(c)es(=it),,B.LevinandM.RappaportHovav(2005),:(23)a.b.c.d.e.,(),,:(23a);:,,:,(23):(),,,(Merge,basegeneration),,9,,(23d),(24),:10(24)a.b.c.d.,:(23),(24),,(23d),:X(happentoX),X,,,()11,,128200779101112(2006):(a);(b);(c)(1989)(),Chappell(1999)Hole(2002)(2003),(23d)(24a)Hole(2002),(bindingtheory),,,(Experiencer),EXPERIENCE(HAPPEN2TO),experience,vP,VP,vP,,:(23)(24),(Casetheory),,,(22c):,,,(23)(24),:,,4::,(Affectee)(IndirectPa2tient),(outerobject):(25)a.b.c.d.(25a),,:,+(innerobject),(25a):13(),(Affectee),,DOTO,AFFECT(26),(25d),,,,,,(),,,,,;,,:(middleconstruction)2erExperiencer,2eeAffectee:()(23)-(25),,,:5913Thompson(1973),14(),:(a),(b)5.1:,,,:(27)a.b.c.()()d.(),,Oehrle(1976),Harley(2002),Cheng(1999),(27)CAUSEHAVE(27a):,,,VHAVEvCAUSE,(27a),,,,,,15,:,(=)(ho)(Cheng1999),,01200771415,(2002)(2003)(2005),,(28)(27a),,(28)(27a),,vCAUSE,vCAUSE,,,:(29)a.b.,rent:buyvs.sell,borrowvs.lend,givevs.receive,165.2::(),()(),:(),()():(30)a.b.c.d.e.,?f.(2005)g.,h.,(27)-(29),(30),(),:(31)a.17b.c.:(32)a.b.c.(27)-(29),,:(33)a.3b.318(34)a.3b.3(30g)()(),:(35)a.,b.,11161718V:3V,V:,,,?,?,?,,,,(31)(32)():(i)3(ii)3,(),(Rizzi1990RelativizedMinimalityChomsky1995MinimalLinkCondition)(p.c.),(partitivecase)(33b)(34b),,,,(33b)(34b)(27d)()(),:(36)a.3()19b.3(),(30g)-(h),:(37)a.,b.,(27c)-(d),(38a)-(b):(38)a.(3)b.(3),(36)-(37),,20,,,,,(DOTO),DOTO,,(30c)(26),vDO2TO,(39),(30bc),(30),21200771920,:(i)(ii),(17),,,,,,,,,21,,,,,,,Zhang(1998)(2000)(1999b)(2002)(2005),,,:+(),+,+,+(,slap,spank),,,,,,,(30e)22(1979),:,,Zhang(1998)(2000)(2003)(2004),CAUSE,:HAVELOSE(NOT2HAVE)CAUSE2to2HAVE,CAUSE2to2LOSE,,,(,V2),,,,,;,,XX,,312122(2005),(),(),(2001)(a)[=],(b),(c),(a)(b):,(,)Zhang(1998)3,3,,,,,(Maryknittedmeapairofgloves,Johnpaintedmeapicture,for,paintpaintfor(analyticity)),,(),,,(40)(41)(40),,(41),,:(42)CAUSEtHAVE(43)DO2TOtACT(42)-(43)(42),,(43),,2324Zhang(1998),(2003)(2004),(43),,,25,,,,,,,,,(1999)(2001),,,,,,,,,4120077232425,:3,3,3(Liu(2006)Liu,,),,(JohnfeedsBillwithrice),(Billfeedsonrice)Heeatsrice,?,():,2664,5:,;,(2324),,,(22c25)(25):(44)a.3b.3c.3d.3,,,(Casetheory),,27IP,,,,,,,,(),,,,,,(44),,,,,3,?,,,,(inherentcase)(27a),(45)(45)[vP[ve][VP]][ve],:(46)[vP[v][VPt]]512627(2001),,,,,?,,,,Li(1985,1990):,,,,(inherentcase),,,(30c):(47)[vP[ve][VP]](48)[vP[v][VPt]],:,28,(44),(44a44d),,(,22),,,,,(30):(49)3HestoleJohntwocomputers.(50)3Johnrobbedme500.(51)3Youatethemtwobowlsofnoodles.,,Johnrobbedmeof500;HestoletwocomputersfromJohn(49)-(51),,rent,rent,rent,:(52)Johnrentedanapartment.(John=)(53)JohnrentedBillanapartment.(John=),(23)-(24)(23)-(24),:(54)3Johndiedafatherlastyear.(cf.Johnsfatherdiedonhimlastyear.)(55)3Theyhappenedanaccidenttoday.(cf.Anaccidenthappenedtothemtoday.)(56)3Theguardescaped3prisoners.(cf.3prisonersescapedontheguard.),612007728(30f),,,(),29:(57)(),30(58)(23d)(59),,31(58)(59)a.Anaccidenthappenedtothemyesterday.b.Therehappenedanaccidenttothemyesterday.c.3Theyhappenedanaccidentyesterday.,,anaccident(59a),there(Casechain)(59b),they,tothey,anaccident,(59c)(57),:(),(),(),,,,(),(48),,,,(57),,,(57),,(57),71293031,(2003),;Li(1985)():Hecharged/finedme300(/);Thecarburstatire()Zhang(1998)Hole(2005):,3;,3(1999a)(2003)(partitiveCase),,()():,,,[+CAUSE]:[e],,,,:7,,,,,,(patient2centeredevents),(agent2centerede2vents),,;,,,,(controlverb)(raisingverb)(tryvs.seem;eagervs.likely,34),persuadepromise:(60)a.JohnpersuadedBill[PROtobebrave].b.JohnpromisedBill[PROtobebrave].,persuade(Bill),promise(Bill),,(Huang1988ChengandHuang1995):32(61)a.()b.()c.()d.(),,,,(3),(),,,,diedream(Johndied/dreamedagooddeath/dream,3Theredied/dreamedaman),,33,,,,,2005(),:2003,:81200773233V2(),(61)(=),Sybesma(1992,1996),ChengandHuang(1995)Huang(2006)2004,4,291-3012005,4,3-16,312-342,:,20051999,:,:,60-902000,3,261-2721989,,39-592005,()1987,1,1-52002,4,317-3251991,16,112-136,222-246,:,20052006there,1:17-352002,:2006:,4,291-3002003,6,46-521977,:2001:MP,4,412-4162004,:1999a,1,16-291999b,3,185-1912001,:1999,3,175-1842001,6,508-5182000,,202-223,:1979,2,15-182005,3,221-231Burzio,Luigi1986Italiansyntax.Dordrecht:KluwerAcademicPublishers.Chappell,Hilary1999ThedoubleunaccusativeconstructioninSiniticlanguages,inExternalpossession,ed.byDorisL.PayneandImmanuelBarshi,195-228.Amsterdam:JohnBenjamins.Cheng,LisaL.2S.C.2T.JamesHuang1995Ontheargumentstructureofresultativecompounds,inInhonorofWilliamWang,ed.byMathewChenandOvidTzeng,187-221.Taipei:thePyramidPress.Cheng,LisaL.2S.C.2T.JamesHuangAudreyLiJaneTang1999Hoo,hoo,hoo:syntax