CFM56-5B发动机起动系统常见故障分析

中国民航飞行学院航空工程学院毕业论文CFM56-5B发动机起动系统常见故障分析学生：余佳琦指导教师：魏武国摘要航空发动机是飞机的心脏，CFM56系列发动机时CFM公司已研制成功并投入使用的新一代发动机。CFM56-5B发动机采用的是空气涡轮起动机，主要包括空气涡轮起动机以及起动关断活门。空气涡轮起动机属于无压气机的涡轮起动机，具有输出扭矩大、重量轻、结构简单、工作可靠、使用方便等各种优点。目前民用航空发动机大多采用空气涡轮起动机。本文主要讲述了A320飞机上CFM56-5B发动机的起动系统组成以及工作原理，起动系统的几种主要运行方式，起动系统的主要部件的功能以及工作原理。并对部件进行FMEA分析，将可能出现的故障模式进行分析，给出排除故障的方法。在故障发生时，通过FMEA可以迅速确定故障原因，采取措施消除故障或隐患。关键词：CFM56-5B发动机，起动系统，FMEA分析中国民航飞行学院航空工程学院毕业论文ITheCommonFaultsAnalysisofTheStartingSystemofCFM56-5BEngineAbstractAviationengineistheheartoftheaircraft,theseriesofCFM56engineasanewgenerationofengineswhichissuccessfullydevelopedbyCFMInternationalandhavebeenputintooperationforseveralyears.ThestartingsystemCFM56-5Buseisairturbinesystem,itmainlyincludesairturbinestarterandstartershutoffvalve.Airturbinestarterhasnocompressor,withtheadvantagesoflargeoutputtorque,lightweight,simplestructure,reliableoperation,easytomaintenanceandsoon.Atpresent,airturbinestarterisusedinmostofcivilaviationengine.ThisarticlemainlyrepresentsthecompositionandworkingprincipleofthestartingsystemofCFM56-5BenginewhichappliedinA320aircraft,themainoperationmodesofthesystem,andthefunctionsandworkingprincipleofthecomponentsofthesystem.ItalsomakeFEMAanalysistothecomponents,andanalysesthefailureitmaytakeplace,givesthemethodsforthetroubleshooting.Whenthefaultsoccur,throughtheFEMAwecanassignthereasonforthefaults,andtakestepstoeliminatethefaultsorrisk.KeyWords:CFM56-5B,startingsystem,FMEAanalysis中国民航飞行学院航空工程学院毕业论文II目录前言.......................................................................................................................................................................1第1章CFM56-5B发动机简介..........................................................................................................................21.1CFM56-5B发动机的背景..........................................................21.2CFM56-5B发动机的工作原理......................................................21.3CFM56-5B发动机的结构..........................................................3第2章起动系统...............................................................................................................................................72.1概述..........................................................................72.1.1起动基本概念............................................................72.1.2CFM56-5B发动机起动系统介绍..............................................72.1.3空气起动机和活门系统....................................................92.2起动过程.....................................................................132.2.1自动启动................................................................132.2.2手动起动...............................................................14第3章故障模式分析.....................................................................................................................................153.1FMEA分析方法.................................................................153.2故障原因分析.................................................................153.2.1空气起动机故障模式分析.................................................163.2.2起动关断活门故障模式分析...............................................203.3其他原因导致的起动失效.......................................................203.3.1辅助动力装置...........................................................213.3.2工作环境...............................................................21第4章常见故障分析................................................................224.1发动机起动时活门打不开.......................................................224.1.1故障影响...............................................................224.1.2故障原因...............................................................224.1.3故障排除方法...........................................................234.1.4排故流程图.............................................................234.2发动机起动完成后活门无法关闭.................................................254.2.1故障影响...............................................................254.2.2故障原因...............................................................254.2.3故障排除方法...........................................................264.2.4排故流程图.............................................................264.3发动机点火前起动慢...........................................................284.3.1故障影响...............................................................284.3.2故障原因...............................................................284.3.3故障排除方法...........................................................294.3.4排故流程图.............................................................29总结...............................................................................31参考文献............................................................................33致谢...............................................................................34中国民航飞行学院航空工程学院毕业论文1前言CFM56-5B发动机是当前应用比较广泛的发动机之一，特别是在A320系列飞机上。CFM56-5B是涡轮风扇发动机，起飞推力从21600-32000磅不等用于适应推力需求。低压压气机有1级风扇和4级低压压气机，9级高压压气机，全重2381KG，2.14M长，1.97M。作为航空发动机，最重要的便是安全性和可靠性，但无论任何发动机都会有发生故障的时候，CFM56-5B发动机也不例外。起动系统是飞机系统中比较重要的一部分，起动系统的故障将会导致发动机起动不成功，其直接后果就是是航班延误或取消。不仅仅给航空公司造成经济损失，