个体认知方式的差异

人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人管人用人识人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人人识人用人管人个体的认知方式差异主讲：什么是个体的认知差异？主要的个体认知方式类型有哪几种？认知方式是指什么？123如果从左向右去看图片，首先感知到的就是鸭子。如果从右向左去看图片，首先感知到的就是兔子。以黑色为背景色从下往上看以白色为背景色从上往下看女士的腿男士的腿1什么是个体的认知差异？人们对同一事物的不同认知反应。答探讨说出一种你喜欢的学习新知识的方式？听老师讲授自己看书同他人探讨独立思考提问看视频每个人都有自己所偏爱的认知加工方式。2答认知方式是指什么？认知方式是指人们在对事物、现象或人进行认知的过程中，个人所偏爱使用的加工信息的方式，也叫认知风格（cognitivestyle）。认知方式类型一、冲动型——沉思型二、系列型——同时型三、场独立性——场依存性一、冲动型——沉思型快--正确型冲动型沉思型慢--非正确型低高错误率快慢反应时能力水平认知风格图9-1四种认知加工类型图选词填空冲动型沉思型词库反应快反应慢精确性好精确性差急于求成整体加工急于表达分析问题片面考虑周全细节性加工看重解决问题的质量而非速度二、系列型——同时型达斯等人提出了系列型与同时型的认知风格。认为，在右利手人中，左优势脑的个体在对信息进行加工时，表现出系列型加工风格；而右优势脑的个体则表现出同时型加工风格。左半脑右半脑语言的、逻辑的、分析的直观的、综合的、几何的系列型认知风格1234图9-2继时性加工路径示意图风格特点：在解决问题的过程中，一步一步地分析问题，每一个步骤只考虑一种假设或一种属性，第一种假设成立后再进一步考虑第二种假设，一环一环地推导出问题的结果。同时型认知风格1234图9-3同时性加工路径示意图风格特点：在解决问题的过程中，采取宽视野的方式，同时考虑多种假设，并同时兼顾各种可能性，才能解决好问题。男性与女性倾向或者擅长的认知类型思考与探索许多数学操作、空间问题的操作都要依赖于这种同时型加工方式。这也是为什么男性的数学能力与空间能力优于女孩子的原因之一。言语操作、记忆等都属于系列型加工过程。一般来说，女性擅长系列加工方式，这也就是为什么女孩子的记忆功能、言语功能比男孩好的原因之一。同时型系列型三、场独立性-场依存性场：外界环境，包括各种人物和事。场独立性的人：不太依赖于外界环境，对信息进行加工处理时，依据内在标准或内在参照，与人交往时很少能体察入微。场依存性的人：很依赖于外界环境，对信息进行加工处理时，依据外在参照，与别人交往时也能考虑到对方的感受。场独立性的人在认知领域显示其优越性处理问题比较灵活善于抽象思维自学能力较强对自然科学知识更感兴趣场依存性的人在人际社会领域显示优势善于体察别人与人相处亲密融洽更喜欢社会定向的学科与知识与人斗，其乐无穷3主要的个体认知方式类型有哪几种？答冲动型沉思型系列型同时型场独立性场依存性（对问题思考的速度）（思考问题的时序与视野）（思考问题时对外界的依赖程度）谢谢观看提供入职培训、岗前培训、主讲心理学，人资法律法规。电话：[phone]