现在分词作状语

Revisionof–ingparticipleasAdverbialII.-ing分词作状语（Adverbial)的要点：１．分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语一致。２．分词短语作状语时，有时前面可带一个连词，表示强调或出于表达需要，常用的连词有：when,while,if,(al)though,whether,or,unless,asif/though等。1．伴随状语（Adverbialofattendingcircumstances）Theycamein,singingandlaughing.2．时间状语（Adverbialoftime）Havingfinishedthehomework/Afterfinishingthehomework,heturnedontheTV.When/Whileclimbingthemountain,hebrokehisglasses.３．方式状语（Adverbialofway）Hecamerunningintotheclassroom.I．-ingparticiple作状语时的形式：一般式完成式完成进行式主动语态被动语态doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendonehavingbeendoing4.原因状语（Adverbialofcause）Havingfailedtwice,hedidn’twanttotryagain.5.条件状语(Adverbialofcondition)Turningtotheright,youwillfindapath.6.结果状语（Adverbialofresult）Hedidhishomeworkcarelessly,makingalotofmistakes.(自然的或必然的结果)区别：Hehurriedtothestationonlytofindthetrainhadgone.(意想不到的结果)7.让步状语（Adverbialofconcession）(Though)workingashardashecould,hecouldnotpasstheexam.I．–ingParticiple作定语的形式：（单个分词做定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词前）：doing*Theswimmingboyismybrother.The–ingParticipleasAttributive1．前置注意：有些分词已经形容词化。试区别：moving感人的inspiring鼓舞人心的disappointing令人失望的moved受感动的inspired受鼓舞的disappointed感到失望的afrighteningvoiceafrightenedvoice记一记：English-speakingcountries,apaper-makingmachine,spokenEnglish,…（分词短语做定语时，放在被修饰的名词后）：doing,beingdone*ThechildrenplayingoutsideareinClassTwo.*Tea,beingauniversaldrinkinmanycountries,isstillcarefullyprepared.*Mostofthepeopleworkinginthefactoryareyoungpeople.*Thetelevisionbeingrepairednowwasboughttenyearsago.2．后置令人害怕的语调从语调中听出说话人感到害怕II．-ing分词作定语时与谓语动词的时间关系：1.–ing分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。*经常性、习惯性的动作：*正在发生的动作：Themanrunningoverthereisourchairman.=Themanwhoisrunningoverthereisourchairman.*Whereistheoldwomansellingeggs?=Whereistheoldwomanwhosellseggs?2.如果一个分词既要表达进行意义，又要表达被动意义，则用-ing的被动式:Thequestionbeingdiscussedisimportant.=Thequestionthatisbeingdiscussedisimportant.beingdone3.如果分词要表示动作是主动的，又在谓语动作之前发生，则要用定语从句表示。*Themancomingyesterdaycomesagain.(×)*Themanhavingcomeyesterdaycomesagain.(×)*Themanwhocameyesterdaycomesagain.(√)*Thestudents（参加会议的）willarriveheretomorrow.4.要表示定语的动作在谓语动作之后发生,则要用不定式或定语从句表示将要发生的动作。a.如果定语既要表示尚未发生的/将来的动作又要表示被动意义,则用不定式的被动式：tobedoneYouarewelcometothepartytobegiveninourclass.b.不定式作定语时，与修饰词一般有逻辑上的动宾关系或主谓关系：Ihavealotofwordstosay.(完成式havingdone/havingbeendone不可做限制定语)toattendthemeeting(whowillattendthemeeting)5.现在分词作定语表示被修饰名词的动作正在进行或经常发生；thesleepingdogthesleepingbag(thedogthatissleeping)(thebagforsleeping)动名词作定语表示被修饰名词的用途。6.过去分词（done）作定语表示与被修饰词是被动关系，分词的动作已完成，但并不强调先于谓语动作。切记不可误写作：havingbeendoneIcan’tfindmylostpen.=Ican’tfindmypenwhichislost.归纳：三种非谓语动词作定语的区别：与被修饰词：主动/被动关系动作特点：正在进行/经常性、习惯性与被修饰词：被动关系动作特点：已完成的状态与被修饰词：主动/被动关系动作特点：尚未发生/即将发生1.doing/beingdone2.done3．todo/tobedone