毕业设计管路流动阻力实验台

-I-摘要本设计的内容是利用所学工程流体力学知识测定管道中流体流动阻力系数的试验装置，其中管道阻力损失包括沿程阻力损失和局部阻力损失。通过设计，我们能利用该装置测量出流体力学直管沿程阻力以及几种典型管道的局部阻力，进而测得管道的沿程阻力系数和局部阻力系数，从而测量出管路的阻力。在设计说明书中我介绍了本设计所选用的各种泵、电机、阀门及水箱等实验台装置的选用与设计。将本科教学中流体力学实验室中沿程阻力损失和局部阻力损失试验以其综合在一起，设计出这套管路阻力损失实验台，我设计的内容主要包括直管道的沿程阻力以及几种典型的局部阻力，其中局部阻力有：弯管，突然扩大管，突然缩小管，通过试验设计可以方便的测量出沿程阻力系数和局部阻力系数，在实验台上可以开设多个流体力学实验,可供学生自由选择实验项目。介绍了具有实验测定流体阻力特性与综合实验平台的开发,及其在实验教学中的应用。平台合理地将流体流动所涉及的流动能量损失、流量计标定、压差测定与选型等实验内容融合,实现了过程、实验和研究的一体化,开出了一系列综合性、研究性实验内容。关键词：阻力实验，局部损失，沿程损失，管路系统，实验台-II-AbstractThetitleofthisdesignistheuseoftheengineeringknowledgeoffluidmechanics,inthedeterminationoffluidflowchannelsofthetestdeviceresistance,includingresistancetolossofpipelinealongthewayincluderesistancelossesandlossoflocalresistance.Throughspecificdesignandthefinalshape,wecanusethedevicetomeasurehydrodynamicresistancealongthestraightpipeandthepipelineofseveraltypicallocalresistance,andthenmeasuredalongthepiperesistancecoefficientandthelocaldragcoefficient,whichmeasuredthelineresistance.Specificationinthedesign,Iintroducedthedesignofavarietyofoptionalelectricpumpandwaterstoragedevicesuchasthechoiceofexperimentaldesign.WillbeteachingundergraduatefluidmechanicslaboratoryFrictionlossandlossoflocalresistancetotesttheircombinedpipelinedesignpressuredropofthistest-bed,Idesignmainlyincludesastraightpipe,aswellasseveralobstaclesalongthewaytypicaloflocalresistance,inwhichlocalresistanceare:bend,asuddenexpansionpipe,asuddennarrowingthepipe,throughtheexperimentaldesigncanbeaconvenientwaytomeasurealongthelocaldragcoefficientanddragcoefficient.Intheexperimentalstagetothecreationofanumberofexperimentalfluidmechanicsforstudentsfreetochoosethepilotproject.Introducedwiththeexperimentaldeterminationoffluidresistancepropertiesandthedevelopmentofacomprehensiveexperimentalplatform,anditsapplicationintheapplicationofexperimentalteaching.Platformwillbereasonablyrelatedtofluidflowbytheflowofenergyloss,flowmetercalibration,pressuremeasurementandselectionofcontent,suchasfusionexperiment,therealizationoftheprocess,theintegrationofexperimentsandresearch,issuedaseriesofcomprehensive,research-basedexperimental.Keywords:Resistancetest,Partialloss,Lossesalongtheway,Pipelinesystem,Test-bed-III-目录摘要........................................................................I第1章绪论................................................................11.1课题的来源及意义..................................................11.1.1流体力学的实践教学性.........................................11.1.2我国流体力学实验设备的现状...................................21.1.3流体力学实验的意义...........................................31.1.4实验教学改革的必要性.........................................31.2流体力学的基本知识...............................................41.2.1流体静力学..................................................41.2.2流体动力学..................................................51.2.3粘性流体运动及其阻力计算...................................7第2章管路流动阻力损失特性................................................82.1管路理论基础.......................................................82.2管路管道内流动状态.................................................82.1.1层流与紊流..................................................82.2.2边界层厚度..................................................92.2.3边界层控制..................................................92.3管路流动阻力损失的构成............................................112.3.1管路流动局部阻力损失........................................112.3.2管路流动沿程阻力损失........................................122.4层紊流状态判别标准..............................................122.4.1临界雷诺数.................................................122.4.2临界雷诺数的由来与意义....................................12第3章阻力实验台系统方案设计.............................................133.1实验台概述........................................................133.1.1实验原理....................................................133.1.2实验过程....................................................15-IV-3.2实验台系统方案比较................................................173.2.1方案1低位水槽..............................................173.2.2方案2高位水槽..............................................183.3实验台系统方案选定................................................18第4章阻力实验台装置设计与选型...........................................214.1实验台动力装置设计与选型..........................................214.1.1离心泵设计与选型............................................214.1.2电动机设计与选型............................................234.2实验台数据采集装置设计与选型......................................244.2.1流量计设计与选型............................................244.2.2U型测压管设计与造型.........................................294.3实验台管路及水箱装置设计与造型....................................304.3.1阀门设计与选型..............................................304.3.2水箱设计与选型..............................................35第5章阻力实验台指导书...................................................365.1实验台指导书......................................................365.1.1实验条件....................................................365.1.2实验台调试..................................................365.1.3参数测量....................................................375.1.4实验台运行............