高中英语必修四unit1-grammar主谓一致-PPT-课件

Subject-verbAgreement主谓一致Subject---VerbAgreement•主谓一致是指句子的________与_____在_____和____上必须保持一致•主谓一致的三个原则:1.语法一致2.意义一致3.就近原则谓语动词主语人称数Theboy_____diving.Theboys_____diving.isare语法一致→主语为单数或复数时，其谓语动词要与其相呼应。1.and1.两个主语表达不同人、物、概念e.g.Timeandtidewaitfornoman.(岁月不饶人)Thewriterandthetranslatoraredeliveringaspeechtonightinourschool.2.两个主语表达同一人、同一物、同一概念e.g.Thewriterandtranslatorisdeliveringaspeechtonightinourschool.Onemoreforkandknifeisonthetable.（一副刀叉）Warandpeaceisoftenpeople’stopic.（战争与和平）1.and3.并列名词前有no…and(no)…;every…and(every)…;eachand(each)修饰时，谓语一般用单数e.g.Everymanand(every)woman____(have)thesamerights.has语法一致2主语+with(togetherwith/alongwith),aswellas,like,not,but,except,including,ratherthan,otherthan,besides,inadditionto…结构中，谓语与前面主语一致e.g.I,aswellasthey,_____(be)readytohelpyou.Thestudentsalongwiththeteacher____(be)requiredthemeeting.NobodybutJimandTom____(be)ontheplaygroundatthattime.amarewaseveryone,everybody,everything,anyone,anybody,anything,noone,nobody,nothing,someone,somebody,something(none,neither除外)等不定代词及each,theother作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：Nothingintheboxismine.Someonewantstoseeyou.语法一致3•none和neither作主语时，谓语可用单数也可用复数，但如果修饰的是不可数名词只用单数e.g.Noneofusis/areperfect.(人无完人)Noneoftheinformationhasbeenreceived.语法一致3morethanone…;manya…修饰名词，复数含义，但是谓语用单数e.g.Manyastudent____(be)intheclassroom.Morethanonemother________(receive)theflowers.is语法一致4receives•不定式（短语），动名词（短语），从句作主语时，谓语用单数e.g.ToreadEnglishaloudeverymorning____(do)youalotofgood.Servingthepeople____(be)mygreathappiness.Whenandwherewewillhaveapicnic________(benot)decidedyet.语法一致5doesishasnotbeen*当what引导的句子做主语，若后面是“be+名词”的结构时，谓语随名词变化。e.g.Whatyouneedarethesedictionaries.语法一致5•由kind（form，type，sort，species，portion，series）of等修饰的主语，谓语由这些词决定e.g.Thiskindofapples____(sell)well.Aseriesofplays____(be)tobeonshownextweek.语法一致6sellsisa(large/small/vast)quantityof或Largequantitiesof谓语由quantity的形式决定e.g.Alargequantityofoilwasputintothesoup.Alargequantityofappleswasinthebasket.Largequantitiesofoilwereputintothesoup.Largequantitiesofappleswereinthebasket.语法一致7•trousers,pants(裤子),shoes,glasses,gloves,stockings,scissors(剪刀)等词作主语时谓语用复数，但如果名词前有a(the)pairof等量词修饰时，谓语动词用复数e.g.Myglassesarebroken.Thescissorsaresharp.Thepairofshoesunderthebedismine.语法一致8谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的概念，而不取决于表面的语法标志意义一致→•集合名词(family,teamgroup,crowdpublic,government,band,company...)•若强调整体，谓语动词用单数•若强调个体，谓语动词则用复数e.g.Thegroupis(be)madeupofninestudents.Thegroupare(be)dancinghappily.意义一致1•单复数同形的名词deer,sheep,fish,series系列,species物种,means手段,works工厂,aircraft飞行器…做主语时，视其表达的意义而判断谓语动词的单复数。e.g.Anewmeanshasbeenused.Manymeanshavenotcomeintoeffect.意义一致2physics,politics,mathematics等一些以“-ics”结尾的词，指学科时属单数，谓语动词用单数。Physicsisnotdifficulttolearn.Mathematicsisasubjectstudiedinnearlyeveryschool.•注：若指某学科能力，成绩，应用等或非学科含义时被看作复数，谓语常用复数。Mymathematicsareweek.Whatareyourpolitics?政治信仰/见解意义一致3意义一致4主语是疑问代词who,what,which,不定代词some,all,more,most,any,none等以及名词half,part,therest等既可表示复数意义又可表示单数意义，其谓语视它们所代指的名词而定。Eg:Whichismorevaluable,healthorwealth?Whichareprettier,theseorthose?Wehadsomepaper,andtherestwasputback.意义一致4意义一致5thenumberof（...的数量）,thevarietyof(种类)用单数谓语，anumberof（许多，大量）,avarietyof（各种各样的...)用复数谓语1.Thenumberoftrafficaccidents____(have)increased.2.Anumberofchildren____(like)thissong.3.Thereareavarietyoftoysonsaleinthatshop.4.Thevarietyofgoodsonsaleinthatshopissurprising.haslike意义一致6意义一致6表示时间，金钱，距离，重量等复数名词作主语时，被看作整体时谓语用单数Sixtyyearsisalongtime.Tendollarsisenoughforhim.Threethousandmilesisalongdistance.Fiftykilogramsisnottoolongtobecarried.*如强调具体数目，则用复数。Onehundredcentsmakeadollar.Morethanfiftyyearshavepassedsincetheygotmarried.Thenewissuretoreplacetheold.•“the+形容词/分词”表示一类人，谓语用复数,eg.thedead,theliving,therich,thepoor,thedisabled,thesick•Thesickhavebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.但如果指事物或抽象概念时,谓语动词用单数.意义一致7•Neitherthestudentsnortheteacher______(know)whathappened.•There____(be)anapple,twobananas,fiveorangesinthebasket.就近原则→指谓语动词单复数取决于离它最近的词语，而无须考虑其他的词knowsis就近原则1就近原则2并列主语中谓语应与哪个保持一致？1.Youorhe___toblame.你或他有一人要受责备。2.___youorhetoblame?受责备的是你还是他？A．is，IsB．are，AreC．is，AreD．are，Is答案：C，就近一致谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致?•WeChinese____ahard-workingpeople．A．isB．areC．isbeingD．arebeing此题应选B。主谓一致（即谓语与主语保持一致），而不是表谓一致（即不是谓语与表语一致），本题意为：我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。1.Theteacherwithtwostudents_____atthemeeting.(was/were)2.Awomanwithababyinherarms_____waitingforthebusintherain.A．wasB．wereC．hasD．have3.E-mail,aswellasthetelephones,_____animportantpartindailycommunication.A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.playwasAAExerciseandRulesExerciseandRules3.ReadingEnglishpapersandmagazines___helpfultoourstudyofEnglish.(is/are)4.Whetherhecomesornot____ofnomatter.(is/are)5.Tosay___onething;todo___another.(is/are)6.Listening,speaking,readingandwriting____fourskillsforEnglishstudy.(is/are)7.Wheretofindtheplantandwhattodowithit_____stilltheproblemstosettle.(is/are)isisisisareareExerciseandRules8.Manyaboy______madesuchafunnyexperiment.A.haveB.areC.hasD.is9.Everymeans_______beentriedsincethen.A.hasB.wereC.wasD.hasbeen10.Eachactorand(each)actress____invitedtoourschool.(is/are)11.Everyboyand(every)girl_____gotatoytrain.(has/have)12.Noteacherandno