维也纳外交关系公约-VIENNA-CONVENTION-ON-DIPLOMATIC-RELATION

VIENNACONVENTIONONDIPLOMATICRELATIONSANDOPTIONALPROTOCOLSViennaConventiononDiplomaticRelations.DoneatVienna,on18April1961维也纳外交关系公约(1961年4月18日订于维也纳)TheStatesPartiestothepresentConvention,本公约各当事国：Recallingthatpeoplesofallnationsfromancienttimeshaverecognizedthestatusofdiplomaticagents,鉴于各国人民自古即已确认外交代表之地位，HavinginmindthepurposesandprinciplesoftheCharteroftheUnitedNationsconcerningthesovereignequalityofStates,themaintenanceofinternationalpeaceandsecurity,andthepromotionoffriendlyrelationsamongnations,察及联合国宪章之宗旨及原则中有各国主权平等、维持国际和平与安全、以及促进国际间友好关系等项Believingthataninternationalconventionondiplomaticintercourse,privilegesandimmunitieswouldcontributetothedevelopmentoffriendlyrelationsamongnations,irrespectiveoftheirdifferingconstitutionalandsocialsystems,深信关于外交往来，特权及豁免之国际公约当能有助于各国间友好关系之发展--此项关系对于各国宪政及社会制度之差异，在所不问，RealizingthatthepurposeofsuchprivilegesandimmunitiesisnottobenefitindividualsbuttoensuretheefficientperformanceofthefunctionsofdiplomaticmissionsasrepresentingStates,确认此等特权与豁免之目的不在于给与个人以利益而在于确保代表国家之使馆能有效执行职务。AffirmingthattherulesofcustomaryinternationallawshouldcontinuetogovernquestionsnotexpresslyregulatedbytheprovisionsofthepresentConvention,重申凡未经本公约明文规定之问题应继续适用国际习惯法之规例，Haveagreedasfollows:爰议定条款如下：Article1ForthepurposeofthepresentConvention,thefollowingexpressionsshallhavethemeaningshereunderassignedtothem:就适用本公约而言，下列名称之意义，应依下列规定：(a)TheheadofthemissionisthepersonchargedbythesendingStatewiththedutyofactinginthatcapacity;称“使馆馆长”者，谓派遣国责成担任此项职位之人;(b)Themembersofthemissionaretheheadofthemissionandthemembersofthestaffofthemission;称“使馆人员”者，谓使馆馆长及使馆职员；(c)Themembersofthestaffofthemissionarethemembersofthediplomaticstaff,oftheadministrativeandtechnicalstaffandoftheservicestaffofthemission;称“使馆职员”者，谓使馆外交职员、行政及技术职员，及事务职员；(d)Themembersofthediplomaticstaffarethemembersofthestaffofthemissionhavingdiplomaticrank;称“外交职员”者，谓具有外交官级位之使馆职员；(e)Adiplomaticagentistheheadofthemissionoramemberofthediplomaticstaffofthemission;称“外交代表”者，谓使馆馆长或使馆外交职员；(f)Themembersoftheadministrativeandtechnicalstaffarethemembersofthestaffofthemissionemployedintheadministrativeandtechnicalserviceofthemission;称“行政及技术职员”者，谓承办使馆行政及技术事务之使馆职员；(h)AprivateservantisapersonwhoisinthedomesticserviceofamemberofthemissionandwhoisnotanemployeeofthesendingState;称“私人仆役”者，谓充使馆人员佣仆而非为派遣国雇用之人；(i)Thepremisesofthemissionarethebuildingsorpartsofbuildingsandthelandancillarythereto,irrespectiveofownership,usedforthepurposesofthemissionincludingtheresidenceoftheheadofthemission.称“使馆馆舍”者，谓供使馆使用及供使馆馆长寓邸之用之建筑物或建筑物之各部分，以及其所附属之土地，至所有权谁属，则在所不问。Article2TheestablishmentofdiplomaticrelationsbetweenStates,andofpermanentdiplomaticmissions,takesplacebymutualconsent.国与国间外交关系及常设使馆之建立，以协议为之。Article31.Thefunctionsofadiplomaticmissionconsist,interalia,in:除其他事项外，使馆之职务如下：(a)RepresentingthesendingStateinthereceivingState;在接受国中代表派遣国；(b)ProtectinginthereceivingStatetheinterestsofthesendingStateandofitsnationals,withinthelimitspermittedbyinternationallaw;于国际法许可之限度内，在接受国中保护派遣国及其国民之利益；(c)NegotiatingwiththeGovernmentofthereceivingState;与接受国政府办理交涉；(d)AscertainingbyalllawfulmeansconditionsanddevelopmentsinthereceivingState,andreportingthereontotheGovernmentofthesendingState;以一切合法手段调查接受国之状况及发展情形，向派遣国政府具报；(e)PromotingfriendlyrelationsbetweenthesendingStateandthereceivingState,anddevelopingtheireconomic,culturalandscientificrelations;促进派遣国与接受国间之友好关系，及发展两国间之经济、文化与科学关系。2.NothinginthepresentConventionshallbeconstruedaspreventingtheperformanceofconsularfunctionsbyadiplomaticmission.本公约任何规定不得解释为禁止使馆执行领事职务。Article41.ThesendingStatemustmakecertainthattheagreementofthereceivingStatehasbeengivenforthepersonitproposestoaccreditasheadofthemissiontothatState.派遣国对于拟派驻接受国之使馆馆长人选务须查明其确已获得接受国之同意。2.ThereceivingStateisnotobligedtogivereasonstothesendingStateforarefusalofagreement.接受国无须向派遣国说明不予同意之理由。Article51.ThesendingStatemay,afterithasgivenduenotificationtothereceivingStatesconcerned,accreditaheadofmissionorassignanymemberofthediplomaticstaff,asthecasemaybe,tomorethanoneState,unlessthereisexpressobjectionbyanyofthereceivingStates.派遣国向有关接受国妥为通知后，得酌派任一使馆馆长或外交职员兼驻一个以上国家，但任何接受国明示反对者，不在此限。2.IfthesendingStateaccreditsaheadofmissiontooneormoreotherStatesitmayestablishadiplomaticmissionheadedbyacharg?d'affairesadinterimineachStatewheretheheadofmissionhasnothispermanentseat.派遣国委派使馆馆长兼驻另一国或数国者，得在该馆长不常川驻节之国内，设立以临时代办为馆长之使馆。3.AheadofmissionoranymemberofthediplomaticstaffofthemissionmayactasrepresentativeofthesendingStatetoanyinternationalorganization.使馆馆长或使馆任何外交职员得兼任派遣国驻国际组织之代表。Article6TwoormoreStatesmayaccreditthesamepersonasheadofmissiontoanotherState,unlessobjectionisofferedbythereceivingState.两个以上国家得合派同一人为驻另一国之使馆馆长，但接受国表示反对者不在此限。Article7Subjecttotheprovisionsofarticles5,8,9and11,thesendingStatemayfreelyappointthemembersofthestaffofthemission.Inthecaseofmilitary,navalorairattaches,thereceivingStatemayrequiretheirnamestobesubmittedbeforehand,foritsapproval.除第五条、第八条、第九条及第十一条另有规定外，派遣国得自由委派使馆职员。关于陆、海、空军武官，接受国得要求先行提名，征求该国同意。Article81.MembersofthediplomaticstaffofthemissionshouldinprinciplebeofthenationalityofthesendingState.使馆外交职员原则上应属派遣国