25维电子地图的制作与发布

论文题目：2.5维电子地图的制作与发布专业：地图学与地理信息系统硕士生：陈迅（签名）指导老师：杨永崇（签名）摘要随着以WebGIS技术和移动GIS技术为基础的地图服务逐渐成为GIS行业的主流，地图产品要求建设成本低廉、网络传输速度快等特点，三维电子地图产品不能在现有网络环境下实现快速访问和浏览，基于侧轴投影的2.5维电子地图产品开始被人们所接受。2.5维电子地图除了继承二维电子地图在数据采集、分析与处理等方面的强大功能外，其直观和真实的空间表现能力，弥补了二维GIS图形表现的局限性。通过研究2.5维电子地图的制作方法，地图投影方式，构建2.5维电子地图的应用平台，对城市地理信息系统的应用和推广具有重要意义。本文以乌市经济开发区卫星广场及周边地区为实验对象，通过二维地形图到三维场景建模，纹理采集到模型贴图，渲染出图到图幅拼接一系列流程，探讨了小区域快速构建2.5维场景的方法，对大范围城市2.5维场景的建立同样具有参考价值。分析了不同的地图投影对2.5维电子地图变形产生的影响，确定地图投影和坐标系，并对不同的地图配准方式进行了探讨。利用2.5维地图成果发布地图服务，结合ArcGISOnline提供的在线城市基础地图服务，对比ArcGISServer平台下WebGIS二次开发的方式，采用JavaScriptAPI的方式建立了一个基础的2.5维地图应用平台。在此平台的基础上对部分功能进行了设计和实现，为建立各种2.5维专题城市地理系统提供了有效的参考。关键词：2.5维地图；三维建模；地图投影；地图配准；地图发布；ArcGISServer；JavaScriptAPI研究类型：应用研究Subject:ProductionandPublicationof2.5DElectronicMapSpecialty:CartographyandGeographicInformationSystemName:ChenXun(Signature)Instructor:YangYongchong(Signature)ABSTRACTAsthemapservicebasedonWebGISandmobileGIStechnologygraduallybecomesmainstreaminGISindustry,mapproductsneedtobecheaperandfastintransmissionspeed,and3Delectronicmapproductscannotrealizefastaccessandbrowsingincurrentnetwork,therefore2.5Delectronicmapproductsbasedonobliqueaxisprojectionarebecomingacceptable.2.5Delectronicmapnotonlysucceedsthepowerfulfunctionsinanalysisandprocessinganddatacollectionof2Delectronicmap,butalsomakesupforthedisadvantageofpresentationof2DGISmapusingitsvividandrealspatialpresentationability.It’ssignificantforapplicationandpromotionofurbanGISusingtheapplicationplatformof2.5Delectronicmapestablishedthroughstudying2.5Delectronicmapproductionandmapprojection.ThisarticleusessatellitesquareanditssurroundingareainUrumqiastheexperimentalobject,throughaseriesofproceduressuchasmodelingfrom2Dmapto3Dscene,texturecollection,modeldecals,renderingandmapsplicing,studiesthemethodoffastestablishmentof2.5Dsceneofsmallarea,hasreferencevaluefortheestablishmentof2.5Dsceneoflargeareasincities,analyzesinfluenceon2.5Delectronicmapofdifferentmapprojections,definesmapprojectionandcoordinate,andstudiesdifferentmapregistrationmodes.Ituses2.5Dmaptoreleasemapservice,integratesonlineurbanbasicmapserviceprovidedbyArcGISOnline,comparesWebGISsecondarydevelopmentmodeundertheplatformofArcGISServer,usesJavaScriptAPImodetoestablishabasic2.5Dmapapplicationplatform,onthebasisofwhichpartialfunctionscanbedesignedandrealized,providingusefulreferenceforestablishingallkindsof2.5DthematicurbanGIS.Keywords:2.5Dmap;3Dmodeling;mapprojection;mapregistration;mappublication;ArcGISServer;JavaScriptAPIThesis:ApplicationResearch目录I目录1绪论........................................................................................................................................11.1论文研究的背景及意义.................................................................................................11.1.1研究背景...............................................................................................................11.1.2研究意义...............................................................................................................11.2国内外研究现状.............................................................................................................21.2.1国内研究现状.......................................................................................................21.2.2国外研究现状.......................................................................................................21.3本文研究内容及章节安排.............................................................................................31.3.1本文研究的主要内容...........................................................................................31.3.2章节安排...............................................................................................................42主要理论与技术综述............................................................................................................52.12.5维电子地图定义........................................................................................................52.1.1鸟瞰图...................................................................................................................52.1.2三维数字地图.......................................................................................................52.1.3数字侧视地图（2.5维地图）.............................................................................62.2地图投影.........................................................................................................................62.3三维建模技术.................................................................................................................82.4WebGIS技术....................................................................................................................92.5瓦片地图技术...............................................................................................................102.6主要应用的软件简介...................................................................................................122.6.1AutoCAD..............................................................................................................122.6.2SketchUp.....