追求霸权_杜鲁门政府对朝鲜停战谈判的政策

©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(2009)-04-0034-12SeekingHegemony:TheTrumanAdministrationsPolicyTowardstheArmisticeTalksofKoreanWarDengFengAbstract:TheTrumanadministrationneverintendedtoendtheKoreanWarthroughnegotiationsbothbeforeandafterthearmisticetalksbegan.ItwasjustbecauseofthecontinuationofthehotwarinKoreathattheCongressapprovedthehugemilitarybudgetoftheexecutivebranch.BeefedupbyabundantfinancialresourcestheTrumanadministrationtriedtomilitarizetheAmericanforeignpolicyandrealizeitsstrategicgoalofworlddominance.Be2sides,inordertoavoidpressuresfromallsides,thepolicymakersinWashingtonusedeverypossiblemeanstocovertheirstrategicintentionsandlookforallkindsofexcusesthatmightbeapprovedbyAmericanandforeignpublicopinionstodelaythetalksanddefendtheirrigidnegotiationpolicy.Moreimportantly,theAmericansidemadeuseoftherepatriationofprisonersofwarforthepurposeofdelayingthearmisticetalks,whichprovedtobethetruecauseofthelongdelay.,,,,,,()1951710,,,,32006(06JZD0013)RosemaryFoot,MakingKnowntheUnknownWar:Poli2cyAnalysisoftheKoreanConflictintheLastDecade,DiplomaticHistory,Vol.15,No.3,Summer1991,p.424.,NataliaBajanova,AssessingtheConclusionandOutcomeoftheKoreanWar;KathrynWeathersby,TheSovietRoleinProlongingtheKoreanWar,195153,TheKoreanWar:AnAssessmentoftheHistoricalRecord,ConferenceReport,July24&25,1995,Washington,DC;KathrynWeathersby,Stalin,Mao,andtheEndof43©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:TheRiseandFalloftheSino2SovietAlliance,Stan2ford:StanfordUniversityPress,1998,p.108.:1953:,20012;:,;:,;:,19973;::19491958(ZhangShuguang,DeterrenceandStrategicCulture:Chi2nese2AmericanConfrontations,19491958,Ithaca,NY:CornellUniversityPress,1992);:,20051;::,,200312(BartonBernstein):?(TheStruggleOvertheKoreanArmistice:PrisonersorRepatriation?inBruceCumings,ed.,ChildofConflict,Seattle:UniversityofWashingtonPress,1983.)(RosemaryFoot):(ASubstituteforVictory:PoliticsofPeacemakingattheKoreanArmisticeTalks,Ithaca,NY:CornellUniversityPress,1990),(WilliamStueck):(TheKoreanWar:AnInternationalHistory,Princeton,N.J.:PrincetonUniver2sityPress1995),,,,,,,(Foot,ASubstituteforVictory,p.151),,,,,,,,:2,,1974,5441951426NSC48/3(ForeignRelationsoftheUnit2edStates,FRUS)195154,NSC48/4,1951517NSC48/5,FRUS,1951,V.6,WashingtonD.C.:U.S.GovernmentPrintingOffice,1977,p.33.5320094©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(1950131),,,,,NSC48/568,,,,,,NSC48/3,,NSC48/5,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,()(),,NSC48/5,,,,,63UnitedStatesObjectives,PoliciesandCoursesofActioninAsia,NSC48/5,May17,1951,FRUS,1951,V.6,p.34.NotebytheExecutiveSecretarytotheNationalSecurityCouncilonUnitedStatesObjectivesandProgramsforNa2tionalSecurity,NSC68,April14,1950,FRUS,1950,V.1,WashingtonD.C.:U.S.GovernmentPrintingOf2fice,1977,pp.234293.,,NSC68,PaulHammond,NSC-68:ProloguetoRearma2ment,inWarnerSchilling,PaulHammond&GlennSnydered.Strategy,Politics,andDefenseBudgets,NewYorkandLondon:ColumbiaUniversityPress,1962,pp.267378.MemorandumContainingtheSectionsDealingWithKoreaFromNSC48/5,DatedMay17,1951,FRUS,1951,V.7,WashingtonD.C.:U.S.GovernmentPrintingOf2fice,1983,p.439.AReportonUnitedStatesObjectives,PoliciesandCour2sesofActioninAsia,NSC48/3,April26,1951,p.3,PresidentialDirectives,PD00006,DigitalNationalSecu2rityArchive(,DNSA)UnitedStatesObjectives,PoliciesandCoursesofActioninAsia,NSC48/5,May17,1951,FRUS,1951,V.6,p.51.UnitedStatesObjectives,PoliciesandCoursesofActioninAsia,NSC48/5,May17,1951,FRUS,1951,V.6,p.37.:2,544©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.:,,,,:,,;,,;,7320094AReportonUnitedStatesObjectives,PoliciesandCour2sesofActioninAsia,NSC48/3,April26,1951,p.4,PresidentialDirectives,PD00006,DNSA;AReportonUnitedStatesObjectives,PoliciesandCoursesofActioninAsia,NSC48/4,May4,1951,p.5,DeclassifiedDocumentsReferenceSystem(,DDRS),DocumentNumber:CK3100365872;U2nitedStatesObjectives,PoliciesandCoursesofActioninAsia,NSC48/5,May17,1951,FRUS,1951,V.6,p.36.NotebytheExecutiveSecretarytotheNationalSecurityCouncilonUnitedStatesObjectivesandProgramsforNa2tionalSecurity,NSC68,April14,1950,FRUS,1950,V.1,p.282285.AnnualBudgetMessagetotheCongress:FiscalYear1951,January9,1950,PublicPapersofthePresidents:HarryTruman,1950,WashingtonD.C.:U.S.Govern2mentPrintingOffice,1965,p.61.©1994-2010ChinaAcademicJournalElectronicPublishingHouse.Allrightsreserved.(SenateAppropriationsCommittee),:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,1951,1952,1951,,482,194719504,1951262%168,,,,,,,1951,1952,83SpecialMessagetotheCongressReportingontheSituationinKorea,PublicPapersofthePresidents:HarryTruman,1950,