高考英语一轮复习定语从句课件

定语从句定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以介词短语、分词为例）例：ThegirlbehindthetreeisKate.Themanrunningontheplaygroundwasadoctor.在英语中，在复合句中修饰名词或代词的用作定语的句子叫定语从句。例：ThegirlwhoisbehindthetreeisKate.Themanwhowasrunningontheplaygroundwasadoctor.1.定语从句的概念2.定语从句的构成要素①先行词（被定语从句修饰的名词或代词）②引导词：关系代词或关系副词注意:从句与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系eg:Thisisthefactorywhereheworks.3.引导词——关系词的分类关系代/副词指代意思成分who人此人主语/宾语whom人此人宾语whose人/物此人/物的定语that人/物此人/物主语/宾语/表语which事/物此物主语/宾语/表语when时间(物)在此时状语where地点(物)在此地状语why原因(物)因为此状语1.Themanisafarmer.2.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.合并句子:Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisafarmer.Maryisagirl.Maryhaslonghair.合并为一个句子Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.先行词关系词定语从句Maryisagirlwhohaslonghair.关系代词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,thatWhere,when定语从句的用法:当先行词是物时,用which或that引导.Thesearethetreeswhichwereplantedlastyear.当先行词是人时,用who,whom,whose,that引导.who,whom,whose,that用法区别.who作定语从句的主语或宾语.Themanwhoisspeakingatthemeetingisaworker.Themanisaworker.Themanisspeakingatthemeeting.分解作主语Whom作定语从句的宾语Thewomanwhomtheywantedtovisitisateacher.Thewomanisateacher.Theywantedtovisitthewoman.分解作宾语whose作定语从句的定语.Iknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher.分解Iknowthegirl.Thegirl’smotherisateacher.作定语that可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.注意:关系代词作动词宾语时可省略.Thewoman(whom/that)theywantedtovisitisateacher.4.定语从句的考查方向:引导词的考查理解掌握几个区分:•①区分that和which•②区分as和which•③区分定语从句和状语从句•④区分定语从句和名词性从句•⑤区分定语从句和强调句型③先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等词修饰。1.下面情况只用that不用which和whom:Iwatchedalltheglasseswereonthetablefalloffthetable.Theparksaretheclearestparksyoucanimagine．CornwasnottheonlyfoodwastakentoEurope．Theytalkedaboutthingsandpersonstheyremembered.Whoisthepersonyoujusttalkedwith?Thevillageisnolongertheoneitwas5yearsago.Therearemanyapplesareverydelicious.thatthat①先行词为much,little,none,someone,something等不定代词。②先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰。thatthat④先行词既有人也有物。that⑤以who/which开头的疑问句。that⑥先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。that⑦在therebe句型中，指物只用that。that和which的区别12.下面情况不用that:Thisisthebookaboutwearetalkingnow．Tomstudieshardandisreadytohelpothers,hisparentsexpect.What’sthatisflyinginthesky?which①介词后面：which②非限性定语从句中：③当先行词本身是that时：whichthat和which的区别2which和as的区别1.Tomhasmademuchprogress,______makesmeveryhappy.3.________isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.4._________Iexplainedonthephone,yourrequestwillbeconsideredatthenextmeeting.5.HemarriedMary,weexpected.6.HemarriedMary,wedidn’texpected.7.Let’sreadsuchbookswillmakethembetter.8.Hewillgiveyousuchinformationwillhelpyou.AsAsasasaswhichwhichas和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点：①as引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。②as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，常可翻译为“正如，正像”；而which常译为“这一点，这件事”③在限制性定语从句中，如果先行词被as,so,thesame,such修饰时，关系代词常用as总结：which和as的区别介词＋关系代词which/whom1.Hebuiltatelescopehecouldstudytheskies.2.Theglasses,I’llbeblind,islost.3.I’llneverforgetthedayIjoinedthearmy.4.Doyouknowthemanyoujustshookhands?5.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson_________shecouldturnforhelp.6.Hewashedtenwindows,______________hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.throughwhichwithoutwhichonwhichwithwhomtowhommostofwhich1.Hewaslateagain,_______casehewasblamed.2.HestayedinLondonfortenyears,__________timehepickedupsomeFrench.比较：1.Hewaslateagain,andinthatcasehe…2.HestayedinLondonfortenyears,andduringthattimehe…inwhichduringwhich温馨提示：定语从句中通常爱出现的及物和不及物动词有：vt:give;visit;spend;explain;tell;take;buy;use;make;build;have;get;devote;enjoy…vi:work;live;stay;study;remain;sit;lie;stand;exist;go;come…定语从句做题三大步骤：1.分析句子结构，找出主句和从句；2.找出先行词（即被修饰的词）；3.分析从句，缺什么就补什么。