James-Joyce解析

JamesJoyce詹姆斯·乔伊斯•GeneralInformation•WritingTechniques•MajorWorksJamesAugustineAloysiusJoyce(2February1882–13January1941)•Irishnovelistandpoet(streamofconsciouness)•Oneofthemostinfluentialwritersinthemodernistavant-garde（先锋派）oftheearly20thcentury•Perfectedthestreamofconsciousnesstechnique•BorninanIrishCatholicfamilyinDublin(laterrenouncedthefaith)•In1888:beganhiseducationatClongowesWoodCollege(leftat1892becauseofmoney)•In1898:studiedatUniversityCollegeDublin(UCD)peopleorworksthatareexperimentalorinnovative,particularlywithrespecttoart,culture,andpolitics.•In1900:publishedhislaudatory（赞美的）reviewofWhenWeDeadAwaken(HenrikIbsen)•In1902:graduatedfromUCDandleftforParistostudymedicine•In1904:metNoraBarnacle(hiswife)andleftIreland•In1905:completedDubliners(acollectionoffifteenstories)•In1915:movedtoZurich(FrankBudgen;EzraPound;HarrietShawWeaver)•In1941:diedofperforatedduodenalulcerWritingTechniques•Interiormonologue•Symbolic•Inventedwords•Brokenwording•Puns•Allusions（暗示）MajorWorks•Dubliners《都柏林人》(1914)•NovelsI.APortraitoftheArtistasaYoungMan《青年艺术家的肖像》(1916)II.Ulysses《尤利西斯》(1922)III.FinnegansWake《芬尼根守灵夜》(1939)IV.StephenHero《斯蒂芬英雄》(1944)MajorWorks•Play:Exiles['eksaɪl]《流亡者》(1915)•PoetrycollectionsI.ChamberMusic《室内乐》(1907)TheHolyOfficeII.CollectedPoems(1936)GasFromABurnerPomesPenyeachEccePuerDubliners•TheSisters《姐妹》:AfterthepriestFatherFlynndies,ayoungboywhowasclosetohimandhisfamilydealwithhisdeathsuperficially.(boy-narrator)•AnEncounter《偶遇》:Twoschoolboysplayingtruant（逃课）encounteranelderlyman.•Araby《阿拉比》:Aboyfallsinlovewiththesisterofhisfriend,butfailsinhisquesttobuyheraworthygiftfromtheArabybazaar.•Eveline《伊芙琳》:AyoungwomanweighsherdecisiontofleeIrelandwithasailor.•AftertheRace《车赛之后》:CollegestudentJimmyDoyletriestofitinwithhiswealthyfriends.•TwoGallants《两个浪子》:Twoconmen,LenehanandCorley,findamaidwhoiswillingtostealfromheremployer.•TheBoardingHouse《寄宿公寓》:MrsMooneysuccessfullymanoeuvresherdaughterPollyintoanupwardlymobilemarriagewithherlodgerMrDoran.•ALittleCould《一朵浮云》：LittleChandler'sdinnerwithhisoldfriendIgnatiusGallahercastsfreshlightonhisownfailedliterarydreams.ThestoryalsoreflectsonChandler'smooduponrealisingthathisbabysonhasreplacedhimasthecentreofhiswife'saffections.•Counterparts《无独有偶》:Farrington,alumberingalcoholicscrivener,takesouthisfrustrationinpubsandonhissonTom.•Clay《粘土》:TheoldmaidMaria,alaundress,celebratesHalloweenwithherformerfosterchildJoeDonnellyandhisfamily.•APainfulCase《痛心的往事》:MrDuffyrebuffsMrsSinico,then,fouryearslater,realisesthathehascondemnedhertolonelinessanddeath.•IvyDay《常春藤日》:MinorpoliticiansfailtoliveuptothememoryofCharlesStewartParnell.•AMother《一位母亲》:MrsKearneytriestowinaplaceofprideforherdaughter,Kathleen,intheIrishculturalmovement,bystarringherinaseriesofconcerts,butultimatelyfails.•Grace《圣恩》:AfterMrKernaninjureshimselffallingdownthestairsinabar,hisfriendstrytoreformhimthroughCatholicism.•Thedead《死者》:GabrielConroyattendsaparty,andlater,ashespeakswithhiswife,hasanepiphany（顿悟）aboutthenatureoflifeanddeath.Dubliners•StructureandsettingI.HasanartisticunitygiventoalltheshortstoriesbyJoyce’sintention“towriteachapterofthemoralhistoryofmycountry,andIchoseDublinforthescenebecausethatcitycenterofparalysis（瘫痪）.Ihavetriedtopresentittotheindifferentpublicunderfourofitsaspects:childhood,adolescence,maturity,andpubliclife.”II.Thefirstthreestoriesproceedroughlythroughchildhoodandadolescenceinakindofautobiography;thenextsevenareaboutpeopleintheirmaturity;thenextfourdealwithpubliclife;andthelastoneisthegeneralizationandconclusionofallthestories.III.AllstoriesaresetinthecityofDublin,whichisconsideredasthehub（中心）ofIrishlifeandsociety.Themes•Thestagesoflife•Povertyandclassdifferences贫穷和阶级差异•ColonizationandIrishPolitics殖民和爱尔兰政治•Defeat,powerlessness,stasis,imprisonment,andparalysis挫败、软弱、停滞、束缚、瘫痪•Longingforescape•Isolation•Mortality死亡APortraitoftheArtistasaYoungMan(semi-autobiographicalnovel)•AstoryofStephenDedalus,aboygrowingupinIrelandattheendofthe19thcentury,fromhisinfancyinthestronglyCatholic,intenselynationalisticenvironmentofDublininthe1880stohisdepartureformIrelandsometwentyyearslater.Theherograduallydecidestocastoffallhissocial,familial[fəˈmɪliəl],andreligiousconstraintsandlivealifedevotedtoartisticpursuit.•讲述了爱尔兰的一名男孩斯蒂芬·迪达勒斯的成长故事。小说开始与19世纪80年代那个天主教盛行、爱国主义情绪高涨的都柏林，一直到二十多年后主人公决定离开爱尔兰，抛开所有社会、家庭和宗教的束缚，献身于艺术创作。MajorCharacter•StephenDedalus:thehero;extremelysensitiveandimaginative;finallybecomesafiercelyindependentyoungman•SimonDedalus:Stephen’sfather,husbendtoMary;financiallyinept（不善理财）man;Irishnationalist•MaryDedalus:Stephen’smother,wifetoSimon;religious•EileenVance:youngProtestantgirl,neighbortoDedalus•UncleCharles:Stephen’sgreatuncle•Dante:thegovernesstotheDedaluschildren;deeplyreligious•BrotherMichael:amonkworksintheClongowesinfirmary;kindlyandgentle;readspapertoStephenandtheothersickboyAthy•FatherDolan:theperfectatClongowes;unjustlypunishesStephen•FatherArnall:theLatinteacheratClongowes;deliversthreefierysermonsonthetorturesofhell•EmmaClere:Stephen’sloveinterest.•Cranly:oneofStephen’sbestfriendsatuniversit