history-of-Britain英国历史

PartOneHistoryofBritainChapter1HistoryTheBeginningofBritain1)theearlyBritishhistoryisahistoryof___？•Ahistoryofinvasion2)WhoinvadedBritain？•Roman•Anglo-Saxon•Viking•NormanIntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureWhathappened8,000yearsago?GreatBritainbecameanislandWhoweretheearlysettlers?CeltsthenativesofBritain---BritonTheirfeaturestallandgolden-hairedfromCentralEuropefarmers(buildingvillages&usingironweapons)warlikepeopleIntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureStonehengeAbout5,000yearsagoThemostfamousprehistoricmonumentandtouristattractionCelticlanguageRiverThamesLondonIntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureRomanBritain(55B.C.-410)IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureRomanInvasionTimeInvaders155B.C254B.C343A.D.RomanEmperorJuliusCaesarRomanEmperorJuliusCaesarRomanEmperorClaudiusIcame,Isaw,Iconquered!CaesarRomanCivilization•ThenameofmonthscomefromthenameofRomangods•Buildtowns,roadsandtemples&theaterroads–“AllRoadsLeadtoRome”•Hadrian'sWall–England’sgreatwall–protecttheRomanBritainIntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureAnglo-SaxonBritain(410-871)Invaders:TheAnglo-SaxonsofTheAngle,Saxon,andJutetribesinnorthernGermanyandDenmark.Time:5thand6thcenturiesWhydidtheyinvade?theclimateandlandinBritainisbetterthanthatintheirhometownIntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureAnglo-SaxonBritain(410-871)Contribution1)TheyaretheforefatherofEnglish.2)Anglo-Saxons'language-----oldEnglishthelandofAnglo-Saxon----Angle-land-----England3)Bytheendofthe7thcentury,allEnglandhadbeenChristianizedAnglo-SaxonBritain(410-871)Contribution4)WestminsterAbbey•BuiltbyKingEdward•Areligioussite•Oneoftheoldestbuildings•AlivingmonumenttoBritishhistory•ChurchofEnglandRoyalPeculiar”IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureKingArthur(871-1042)Thebest-knownEnglishlegendtheleaderof“Roundtable”Knight1)Time:DuringAnglo-Saxoninvasionperiod2)ContributionofKingArthur:UnitedtheBritishIslesDrovetheSaxonsbackIntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureOnlythekingcantaketheswordfromthestoneHeptarchy七国时代VikingBritainInvadesVikingsNorsemenFromDenmarkWhofoughtagainstVikings?AlfredtheGreat----theSaxonKingResult:RuledEnglandfrom1017to1041IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureAnglo-SaxonBritain(410-871)Contribution4)WestminsterAbbey•BuiltbyKingEdward--EdwardConfessor•Areligioussite•Oneoftheoldestbuildings•AlivingmonumenttoBritishhistory•ChurchofEnglandRoyalPeculiar”IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureNormanConquest(1066)SignificanceThebest-knowneventinEnglishhistoryWhoDukeWilliamofNormandy,fromnorthernFranceReasondeclaredEdwardhadpromisedtolethimbethekingEventWilliamcrownedinWestminsterbecametheking---WilliamtheConquerorThisinvasioniscalledNormanConquestIntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureLanguageFrenchreplacedEnglishasthelanguageoftherulingupperclasses.ArchitectureTheTowerofLondon---ThemostfamouscastleSocietyMarkedtheestablishmentoffeudalisminEnglandIntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureRobinHoodEngland’sbest-lovedlegendHeroicSaxonnoblemenoppressedbytheNormansrobbingfromtherichtogivetothepoor.SimilartoChinesefamousnovel---OutlawofMarshesBritishInvasionHistoryIntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureInvasionTimeInvaders43A.D.5thcentury8thcentur1066TheRomansTheAnglo-SaxonsTheVikingsTheNormansFeudalBritainTheHundredYears’WarTheWarsoftheRosesThehundredYears’Warisbetween_________and___________TheWaroftheRosesisbetween_______________and___________EnglandFranceHouseofLancasterHouseofYorkHouseofPlantagenet金雀花王朝HenryⅡRichardtheLionheartEdwardIDefinitionAseriesofwarsbetweenEnglandandFranceReason:EdwardIIIwantedtobethekingofFranceWhowonthewar?FranceFamouspeopleJoanofArc--FrenchheroinehelpedFrancewinanumberofvictoriesCommentthelongestwarintheworldfor116years.Itwasadisasterforthepeople.Bothoftheireconomywasdeeplydamaged.LostthelandinFranceThewarwakeupthepeople'snationalconsciousness,raisedthenationalspirit.TherulingNormansbegantoregardEnglandastheirhomeHelpingEnglishlanguagetobereestablishedastheofficiallanguageDefinitionAseriesofcivilwarsbetweensupportersofLancasterandYorkReasontheDukeofYorktriedtodisplacetheLancasterking,HenryVI.fightingforpower,wealthandThroneWhowonthewar?HenryTudor-HenryⅦ-ThedescendantoftheHouseofLancasterCommentdestructivetothenoblehousesthedeclineoffeudalismgiverisetotextileindustryTheking’spowerbecamesupremeTheBeginningoftheModernWorldRulingHousesRulingPeriodHouseofTudor1485-1603HouseofStuart1603-1649HouseofStuart(restored)1660-1714HouseofHanover1714-1910HowmanyhousesruledBritainfromthe16thcenturyto20century?TheBeginningoftheModernWorldHouseofTudorHouseofTudorHouseofStuartHouseofHanoverThefourfamousmonarchsHenryVIIIElizabethICharlesIQueenVictoriaSignificanteventreligiousreformation---EstablishedtheChurchofEnglandReasonHenrywantedtodivorceandhaveason.ResultMarriedsixtimesContributionLeftEnglandstrongandfreetomakeherwayinanewworldIntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureElizabethI(1553-1603)CommentHerrullingtimeistheGoldenAgeofBritithHistory---ElizabethaeraknownasVirginQueenSignificanteventsTheEnglishn