英美文学选读：William-Wordsworth

TheRomanticPeriodRomanticMovementBythebeginningofthe19thcenturyamovementhadtakenplaceinintellectuallife.ItmanifesteditselfnotonlyinEnglandbutalsoinGermanyandFrance.Itdisplayedthespiritofidealismasopposedtorealism.DuringtheRomanticperiod,Englishletterswerecharacterizedbyanemotionalandimaginativequalityandbyindividualityinstyle.oldergroupMajorwritersyoungergroupOldergroup:(NegativeRomanticism)Theso-calledLakeSchoolofEnglishpoets(WilliamWordsworth,SamuelTaylorColeridge,RobertSouthey.)expressednewtheoriesastothesubject-matterandlanguageofpoetry.Thesethreepoetswereoftencalledastheolderpoets.Theymadeanimpressivecontributiontopoetry.ConservativeYoungergroup:(PositiveRomanticism)Thelaterromanticists(GeorgeGordonBryon,PercyByssheShelley,JohnKeats)werepoetsofrevoltwho,unliketheLakeSchool,neverrecantedtheirrevolutionaryprinciple.Thesethreepoetswereoftencalledastheyoungerpoets.Theydidawonderfulworkinshapingverse.RebelliousandaggressiveSothesethreepoetswerecalled“theSatanicSchool”byRobertSouthey.•Verse是指韵文，也就是带有押韵、句子分行的文体。verse强调的是外在的形式，符合上面2条的文体基本都可以叫做verse，比如打油诗、歌词、口号、名言、民谣等等。•Poem强调内在，是真正意义上的诗歌，它发掘深刻的思想、彰显高尚的情操，语言优美，感情深挚。至于是否押韵等外在形式并不过分要求。WilliamWordsworth•WilliamWordsworth(1770-1850)wasoneofthegreatestpoetsofEngland.AstheleadingfigureoftheEnglishRomanticMovement,hehasmadegreatcontributioninpoetictheory.•“PoetLaureate”桂冠诗人Wordsworth’sprincipleofpoetryWilliamWordsworthhashisownprincipleofpoetry：Hedeclaredthat“allgoodpoetryisthespontaneousoverflowofpowerfulfeeling.”(“诗歌是强烈感情的自然流露”)Heappealeddirectlytoindividualsensationsasthefoundationinthecreationandappreciationofpoetry.(个人感觉是诗歌创作和鉴赏的源泉)Heheldtheviewthatpoetry“takesitsoriginfromemotionrecollectedintranquility”.(“诗歌是平静中回忆起来的情感”)Astolanguageusedinpoetry,headvocatedusingthelanguageofthecommonpeople.Imaginationwasveryimportantinpoeticcreation.Wordsworth’swritingstyleWilliamWordsworth’spoemswerefreshinimagination,simple,plainandvividinlanguage.Hewasespeciallygoodatwritingaboutnatureandcommonpeople.Hencehewascalledthepoetofnature.Wordsworth’sMajorWorks•WilliamWordsworth,withhisfriendColeridge,collaboratedandpublishedtheLyricalBalladswhichmarksthebreakwithclassicismandthebeginningoftheRomanticrevivalinEngland.LyricalBallads•Wordsworth’sprinciplesofpoetrywerestatedinthePrefacetotheLyricalBallads,whichservedasthemanifestooftheEnglishRomanticMovementinpoetry.Wordsworth’sotherpoems:LucyPoems《露茜》ThePreclude《序曲》TheSolitaryReaper《孤独的收割女》LinesComposedaFewaboveTinternAbbey《丁登寺杂咏》OdetoDuty《责任颂》..............IWanderedLonelyasaCloudIWanderedLonelyasaCloudWilliamWordsworth'sIWanderedLonelyasaCloud”isalyricpoemfocusingonthepoet'sresponsetothebeautyofnature.StructureandRhymeThepoemcontainsfourstanzasofsixlineseach.Ineachstanza,thefirstlinerhymeswiththethirdandthesecondwiththefourth.Thestanzathenendswitharhymingcouplet.Wordsworthunifies(使统一)thecontentofthepoembyfocusingthefirstthreestanzasontheexperienceatthelakeandthelaststanzaonthememoryofthatexperience.(前三个部分写景，后一部分抒情。)MeterThelinesinthepoemareiniambictetrameter,asdemonstratedinthethirdstanza:•..........1...................2..................3.......................4..........TheWAVES|beSIDE|themDANCED;|butTHEY•......1................2.....................3...................4........OutDID|theSPARK|lingWAVES|inGLEE;•......1.............2..................3.............4........APO|etCOULD|notBUT|beGAY;•........1.............2.............3..............4........InSUCH|aJOC|undCOM|paNY:•...........1......................2..................3....................4...........IGAZED—|andGAZED—|butLIT|tleTHOUGHT•...............1....................2.................3...................4............WhatWEALTH|theSHOW|toME|hadBROUGHT:YourTopicGoesHere1.IwanderedlonelyasacloudThatfloatsonhigho'ervalesandhills,WhenallatonceIsawacrowd,Ahost,ofgoldendaffodils;Besidethelake,beneaththetrees,FlutteringanddancinginthebreezeSummary,Stanza1:Inthefirststanzathespeakerdescribesatimewhenhemeanderedoverthevalleysandhills,lonelyasacloud.Finally,hecameacrossacrowdofdaffodilsstretchingoutoveralmosteverythinghecouldsee,flutteringanddancinginthebreeze:IWanderedLonelyasaCloudYourTopicGoesHere2.ContinuousasthestarsthatshineAndtwinkleonthemilkyway,Theystretchedinnever-endinglineAlongthemarginofabay:TenthousandsawIataglance,Tossingtheirheadsinsprightlydance.Summary,Stanza2Inthesecondstanzathespeakergoesintomoredetailaboutthedaffodils.TheyremindedhimoftheMilkyWay,becausethereweresomanyflowerspackedtogetherthattheyseemedtobenever-ending.IWanderedLonelyasaCloudYourTopicGoesHere3.Thewavesbesidethemdanced;buttheyOut-didthesparklingwavesinglee:—ApoetcouldnotbutbegayInsuchajocundcompany:Igazed—andgazed—butlittlethoughtWhatwealththeshowtomehadbroughtSummary,Stanza3Inthethirdstanzathespeakercomparesthewavesofthelaketothewavesofdaffodilsanddecidesthateventhoughthelakeissparkling,thedaffodilswinbecausetheyhavemoreglee.Hethencommentsthathe,likeanyotherpoet,couldnothelpbutbehappyinsuchajocundcompany.Helookedatthesceneforalongtime,butwhilehewastherehewasunabletound