英国文学史复习大纲

HistoryandanthologyofEnglishliterature:(altogether7topics,thissemester6topics;5th---1900,over1400years)TheOldEnglishandMiddleEnglishperiod(Chapter1,2)TheElizabethanage(Chapters3,4)The17thcentury(Chapter5)Theclassic18thcentury(Chapters6,7,8)TheRomanticperiod(Chapters9,10)TheVictorianage(Chapters11-18)The20thcentury(Chapters19-26)TheOldEnglishandMiddleEnglishperiod(5th---1066,1066---1557)1theOldEnglishperiodBeowulf：*paganheroism异教徒的英雄主义andfatalism宿命论aremingledwithChristianqualities.*Thepoetshopethattheevilshouldbepunished,andtherighteouswillberewarded.*It’saheroicScandinavianepiclegendtoldintheEnglishlanguage.literaryterms:epic,alliteration2theMiddleEnglishperiodliteraryterm:romanceGeoffreyChaucer:TheCanterburyTalesChaucerchosethemetricalformwhichlaidthefoundationoftheEnglishtonico-syllabicverse.乔叟第一次在英国用韵脚韵律诗形式来创作诗歌，开创了英国文学以重音-音节为基础的格律诗先河。首创heroiccouplet英雄双行体TheElizabethanage(1558---1625)---agoldenageofpoetryanddrama---theageofEnglishRenaissance1Poetry:*PhilipSidney/AstrophelandStellaloveromance《爱星者和星星》，表达了他初恋时的激情以及如何经过斗争，克制自己，献身于公职。itwasafterSidney’sAstrophelandStellathatthesonnetsequence十四行诗系列becamepopularinEngland.ItinspiredotherElizabethanpoets,includingShakespeare,towritesimilarsequences.*EdmundSpenser:TheFaerieQueenUsingSpenserianStanza=ababbcbcc/allegory讽喻*Shakespeare:154sonnets,Sonnet18Literaryterm:sonnet:alyricpoemcontainingfourteenlineswritteniniambicpentameterlyric:iambicpentameter2Drama:“UniversityWits”大学精英*ChristopherMarlowe克里斯托弗·马洛:把blankverse无韵诗作为英语戏剧主要表达方式的开创者thepioneerofEnglishdrama（完善了无韵体诗。）TheTragicalHistoryofDoctorFaustus浮士德博士的悲剧*WilliamShakespeare:fourgreatesttragediesHamlet:“Tobe,ornottobe”MacbethFourTragedies:Hamlet哈姆莱特;Othello奥赛罗;KingLear李尔王;Macbeth麦克白Literaryterms:monologue＞soliloquy√√Monologue（独白）Asinglepersonspeaking,withorwithoutanaudience,isutteringamonologue.Thedramaticmonologueisthenamegiventoaspecifickindofpoeminwhichasingleperson,notthepoet,isspeaking.DramaticMonologue（戏剧独白）Apoeminwhichapoeticspeakeraddresseseitherthereaderoraninternallisteneratlength.Itissimilartothesoliloquyintheater,inthatbothadramaticmonologueandasoliloquyofteninvolvetherevelationoftheinnermostthoughtsandfeelingsofthespeaker.TwofamousexamplesareBrowning’s“MyLastDuchess”.*BenJonson本·琼生①ComedyofHumours②Volpone,orthefox狐狸theloveofmoneyistherootofallevilTheAlchemist炼金师Literaryterm:“threeunities”classicalunities三一律三一律规定剧本创作必须遵守时间、地点和行动（情节）的一致，即一部剧本只允许写单一的故事情节，戏剧行动必须发生在一天之内和一个地点。法国古典主义戏剧理论家布瓦洛把它解释为“要用一地、一天内完成的一个故事从开头直到末尾维持着舞台充实。”3Prose:ThomasMore托马斯•莫尔1478~1535:Utopia[ju:'təupiə]乌托邦FrancisBacon:ThefirstEnglishessayist58essays,OfStudies培根随笔集-论学习ThethemeofOfStudies:usesandbenefitsofstudyanddifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies.The17thcentury---theageofRevolutionandRestoration---literarymood:gloomy,pessimistic---changesofliterarytaste---“fourJohns”:JohnDonne,JohnMilton,JohnDryden,JohnBunyan1Poetry:JohnDonne---therepresentativeoftheMetaphysicalSchool：（主题：love,religious,thought）Artisticfeatures:1.conceitsorimagery奇思妙喻2.syllogism三段论JohnMilton:ParadiseLostepic2Drama:*comedyofmanners风俗喜剧/themorerealisticandoftensatiricalcomedyoftheRestorationperiod./Satireisitsmainattraction./presentedratherthanreallifeindivuals.*JohnDryden:“pruneandtrim”theElizabethanlanguage“thefatherofEnglishcriticism”(bySamuelJohnson)3Prose:JohnBunyan:ThePilgrim’sProgress天路历程allegory讽喻与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作Theclassic18thcentury---theageofEnlightenmentThreemaindivisions:1Neoclassicism新古典主义heroiccouplet(poetry)threeunities(drama)Literaryterm:heroiccouplet:linesofiambicpentameterthatrhymeinpairs(aa,bb,cc)英雄双韵体在英语诗歌史上，双韵体诗由乔叟最先启用，后经斯宾塞，马洛等人发展，再由德莱顿弘扬，最后经蒲柏的完善扩充，形式更为整齐优美，节奏更跌宕变化。这种“英雄双韵体”在诗歌艺术中达到了神韵独步千古的境界，成为英国诗歌史上的最高成就。tworepresentativesofNeoclassicism:*AlexanderPope亚历山大·蒲柏（英国诗人）:EssayonMan双韵体长诗《论人》1）（18世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/“heroiccouplets”。词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。）2）AsarepresentativeoftheEnlightenment，PopewasoneofthefirsttointroduceRationalism理性主义toEngland....*SamuelJohnson:《英语大辞典》ADictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage2Pre-romanticism前浪漫主义/新古典主义后期*ThomasGray格雷英国18世纪重要抒情诗人:ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard《墓畔挽歌》*WilliamBlake威廉·布雷克（英国诗人和画家）:SongsofInnocenceAhappyandinnocentworldfromchildren‟seye.“TheChimneySweeper”seeshissituationthroughtheeyesofinnocenceanddoesnotunderstandthesocialinjustice.SongsofExperienceAwordofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwithamelancholytonefrommeneyes./theboyinthepoemseestheinjusticeandspeaksagainsttheestablishmentsthatlefthimwhereheis.总：neitherinnocencenorexperienceisacorrectviewandthatonecompletestheother.*RobertBurns罗伯特·彭斯:ARed,RedRose(Scottishnationalpoet,mixtureofEnglishandScottishdialect)苏格兰农民诗人，诗人生活在破产的农村，和贫苦的农民血肉相连。他的诗歌歌颂了故国家乡的秀美，抒写了劳动者纯朴的友谊和爱情。3theriseofEnglishnovel*DanielDefoe丹尼尔·笛福:RobinsonCrusoe鲁宾逊漂流记heisthefounderofrealisticnovel.十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人*JonathanSwift:Gulliver’sTravels《格列佛游记》HenryFielding亨利•菲尔丁1707~1754（英国小说家，戏剧家，被誉为“英国小说之父”。）Heiscalled“FatherofEnglishnovel”.Hewasthefirsttowritea“Comicepicinprose”(散文体史诗),andthefirsttogivethemodernnovelitsstructureandstyle.TheRom