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1语法填空—动词类提示词的解题技巧(II)【真题感知】1.【动词类填空提分技法2】(针对非谓语动词):NO.1.解题步骤:1.分析句子结构,明确空格处应是谓语还是非谓语。2.按照非谓语动词在句中所充当的成分和特点,并结合语境来确定正确形式。NO2.解题技巧1.提示词为动词,句子中已经有谓语且没有连词时应填非谓语。2.根据非谓语动词在句中所作的成分,判断非谓语动词的逻辑主语与所给动词的主、被动关系。3.判断非谓语动词与主句谓语动词之间的先后关系,来确定正确形式。归纳总结:非谓语动词的解题一般通过以下几步就可以减少或避免错误:1.利用有无连词判断是谓语还是非谓语,即要找出句子的主干——主语和谓语,再判断有没有连词的存在来连接两个句子。2.根据句意和非谓语在句子中的作用来确定逻辑主语。(1)非谓语作状语时,其逻辑主语是句子的主语;(2)非谓语作定语时,其逻辑主语是所修饰的名词或代词;(3)非谓语作宾补时,其逻辑主语是作宾语地名词或代词;(4)非谓语作主语或宾语时,其逻辑主语通过句意来判断。3.根据与逻辑主语之间的关系来确定语态(主被动)。4.根据谓语与谓语动词先后【考点归纳】考点1:不定式与分词作定语时的用法1.不定式作定语时表将来;不定式常用来修饰由序数词、最高级或no,all,any等限定的中心词;不定式作定语时用来修饰一些抽象名词,常见的有ability,chance,idea,fact,answer,belief,way,excuse等。e.g.Ihavesomehomeworktodo.(由I来做)Ihavesomehomeworktobedone.(由他人来做)2.现在分词作定语,被修饰的名词与动词在逻辑上是主动关系。e.g.Thegirlsingingonthestageismyyoungersister.e.g.Thehousebeingbuiltareforteachers.(表该动作的被动和进行)3.过去分词作定语,与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上存在被动关系,表示改动作的2被动或完成。注意:不定式tobedone形式,过去分词done和现在分词beingdone形式作定语的区别e.g.HaveyoureadthenovelwrittenbyDickens?(表被动、完成)e.g.Listen!Thesongbeingsungisverypopularwiththestudents.(表被动、正在进行)e.g.Thequestiontobediscussedattomorrow’smeetingisaveryimportantone.(表被动、将来)考点2:不定式与分词作状语时的用法1.(1)不定式作状语,一般表目的(注意其他非谓语动词没有此功能)。e.g.Tosupporthisbigfamily,hehadtoworkovertime.(=Inordertosupport…)(2)表结果,此用法常表示主语没有预料到或不愿意看到的结果。e.g.Weranallthewaytothestation,onlytofindthatthetrainhadalreadyleft.2.现在分词作状语。现在分词(短语)作状语,表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随等。(注意其一般式和完成式)(1)一般式e.g.Thechildrencamein,talkingandlaughing.(2)完成式e.g.Havingbeenshownaroundthecampus,weweretakentothehall.3.过去分词作状语。当分词与逻辑主语之间是被动关系,应用过去分词作状语。e.g.Inspiredbyhisspeech,wetookactionatonce.注意:在when,while,if,asif,though,as,until,once,whether,unless,where等连词连接的状语从句中,常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词,形成“连词+分词短语”结构。e.g.Whentreatedwithkindness,hewasverylovely.Whilecrossingthestreet,youmustbecareful.考点3:不定式与分词作宾语补足语时的用法1.感官动词+宾语+宾补(see,watch,observe,lookat,notice,hear,listento,feel)doingsth.看见….正在做…see+宾语+dosth.看见…做了…(宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动)done看见…被做…(宾语与宾补之间为逻辑上被动关系)2.使役动词+宾语+宾补dosth.使…做某事have+宾语+doingsth使…持续done使…被做/遭受dosth.让…做某事make+宾语+donesth.让…被做todosth.使…做某事get+宾语+doingsth.使…开始做done使…被做3sb./sth.doing使某人/物一直做某事keep/leavesb./sth.done使某人/某物被….(表示被动且完成,或表示状态)leavesth.undone/unfinished/unsettled留下某事未做/未完成/未解决Wehurriedlyendedourmeeting,leavingmanyproblemstobesettled.(被动将来)3.with复合结构(with+宾语+宾补)作状语,是用现在分词、过去分词还是动词不定式,关键是看宾语和宾补之间的关系。e.g.Withtimepassingby,healmostforgoteverythinginthepast.Hesatonthechair,withhishandstiedbehindhisback.Withalotofproblemstosolve,thenewly-electedpresidentwillhaveahardtime.考点4:不定式与动名词作宾语时的用法规则1:接动名词作宾语的动词记忆口诀:考虑建议盼原谅(considerable,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse/pardon)承认推迟没得想(admit,delay/putoff,fancy)避免错过继续练(avoid,miss.keep,keepon,practise)否认完成就欣赏(deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate)禁止想象才冒险(forbid,imagine,risk)不禁介意准逃亡(can’thelp,mind,allow/permit,escape)难以忍受始反对(can’tstand,setabout,objectto)想要成功坚持住(feellike,succeedin,stickto/insiston,bebusy)习惯放弃有困难(beused/accustomedto,giveup,havedifficulty/troublein)导致专心防道歉(leadto,devoteto,prevent/stop/keep…from…,apologizefor)规则2:接不定式作宾语的动词想要做:want,wish,hope,expect,seek,attempt,aim,wouldlike,desire早打算:plan,prepare,mean,arrange同意否:agree,promise,undertake,offer,choose,refuse问问看:ask,beg决定了:decide,determine,makeupone’smind,bedetermined尽力做:try,manage(反义词fail),struggle,strive努力做:makeaneffort别装蒜:pretend规则3:既可接不定式,又可接动名词作宾语的动词trytodo/trydoing;meantodo/meandoing;can’thelpdoing/can’thelptodo;remembertodo/rememberdoing;regrettodo/regretdoing;forgettodo/forgetdoing;stoptodo/stopdoing;goontodo/goondoing.考点5:不定式和动名词作主语和表语41.不定式作主语表示具体的,尤其是未发生的动作;动名词表示抽象的、泛指的动作,尤其是一般行为倾向。ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.Readingasmuchaspossibleisnecessary.2.不定式,动名词和过去分词可用作表语表示一般的概念时,不定式,动名词可以互换,而表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时,一般用不定式。e.g.Whatshelikesiswatching(towatch)childrenplay.Mywishistobecomeagoodteacher.【单句填空练习】1.Inoticedaman________(sit)atthefront.2."Inthebeginning,therewasonlyaverysmallamountofunfairnessintheworld,buteveryoneaddedalittle,always________(think)thatitwasonlysmallandnotveryimportant,andlookwherewehaveendeduptoday."3.Whileshewasgettingme________(settle)intoatinybutcleanroom,theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycar...4._________(buy)anewhouseisimpossiblefortheyoungcouplebecausetheyhaven’tsavedenoughmoney.5.Everybook__________(borrow)fromthelibraryshouldbereturnedontime.6.Aftergettinghisticketfromthewindow,hereacheddownforhissuitcase,only________(find)itwasnothere.7.Lastnight,thereweremillionsofpeople___________(watch)theopeningceremonyliveonTV.8.Theplay_______________(produce)nextmonthaimsmainlytoreflectthelocalculture.9.Peoplefromallthecornerscametothecitycenter,_____________(make)itverycrowded.10.Thisdrugislesslikelytocausesideeffectswhen___________(take)lateintheday.11.Everyoneinthecityissuretobenefitfromthenewshoppingmall____________(complete)nextyear.12.Theshopownerwillgetalltheseorderedgoods____________(deliver)tothecustomerstoday.13.Mygrandmadoescrosswordpuzzleseachday_____________(keep)hermindsharp.14.Marystoodstillinfrontofamirror,hereyes____________(fix)onhermouth.15.Everyoneinthiscountryshouldworkhardanddowhathecan__________(fight)againstnationalsmog.16.Ther
本文标题:语法填空--非谓语动词
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