Henry--James美国文学作家亨利詹姆斯

HenryJames（1843-1916）AnAmericannovelistandliterarycriticLifeofHenryJames•BorninawealthyculturedfamilyinNewYorkwithaphilosopherandtheologistfather•BrotherWilliamJamesisalsoafamousphilosopher,psychologist,andfounderofutilitarianism.•Attheageof25hewasrecognizedasthebestshortstorywriterinAmerica.•Henevermarried.LifeofHenryJames•FrequenttourtoEuropeincludedLondon,Paris,hadaprofoundinfluenceonJames'slifeandwriting.•Europeanartandculture,thetripexposedhimtotheeruditionofEuropeansociety.•NewandOldWorldvalues,aconflictthatappearsrepeatedlyinJames'sfictionas“theinternationaltheme.”LifeofHenryJames•In1875settledinhisidealhome--Paris•mostwell-knownwritersofthatperiod,acceptedhimasafriendandappreciatedhisbooks.•AnEnglishmanin1915•diedin1916andburiedinMassachusetts•In1976hisasheswereremovedtoPoets’CornerThetimeofJames’s•Henevertookpartinpublicaffairsorshowedmuchinterestintheeconomicandsocialchangesofthatperiod.ThetimeofJames’s•Hewasdeeplyinterestedinthecontrastbetweentheoldworldandthenewone.TheInternationalTheme•“Theinternationaltheme”referstothemoralandpsychologicalcomplicationswhentheAmericaninnocenceencounteredtheEuropeansophistication•ThetypicalAmericansinJames:fresh,enthusiastic,eagertolearn,andbasically“good”,disregardoftheconventions,standformorality•TheEuropeansinJames:highlycultivated,elegantinmanners,butsophisticated.standformannersJames’spsychologicalnovel•Jameschangedthemethodofpresentationinanovel,shiftingthecentreofgravityfromactiontoitsintellectualandfantasticaspects:•externalcircumstanceslosesignificancebeforetheinwardeventsthattakeplaceinasoul.LiteraryFeaturesofJames•TheculturalconflictbetweenEuropeandAmerica•Thepsychologicalactivitiesofcharacter•Dramaticeffect•AmbiguityinattitudetowardsmanythingsThreePeriodsofJames’literaryCareer•Earlyperiod(1865-1882):“internationaltheme”(AmericaninnocenceinfaceofEuropeansophistication)majorworks:TheAmerican(1877),DaisyMiller(1878),TheEuropeans(1878),ThePortraitofaLady(1881)•Middleperiod(1865-1895):experimentswithdifferentthemesandforms(subtlestudiesofinter-personalrelationship)majorworks:TheBostonians(1886),ThePrivateLife(1893),TheDeathofaLion(1894)•LatePeriod(1895-1916):arevivalofthethemeofinnocenceinacorruptedworldand“theinternationaltheme”.majorworks:1895-1990:TheTurnoftheScrew(1898),WhatMaisieKnew(1897),etc.1900-1904:TheAmbassadors(1903),TheWingsoftheDove(1902)1904-1916:TheAmericanScene(1907),etc.