2019英语学习与西方文化.ppt

西方文化与英语学习Westernculture&EnglishLearningLanguage&CultureLanguageisapartofcultureOnedesignfeatureofhumanlanguageisculturaltransmission(文化传递性)(byC.Hockett）SoEnglishiscapableoftransmittingtheWesternculture.GeographiclayoutoftheWesternculture1.Europe2.NorthAmerica(theUSA&Canada)3.Oceania(i.e.Australia&NewZealand)2layersofculturePhysicalculture(eg.architecturalstyles)Non-physicalculture(eg.religion;morality)Whytherearesomanylanguages?ThestoryofbuildingBabel[巴别塔]Bible/Genesis[创世纪]11:1-9]:Godconfusingpeople’slanguageGenesis11:1:Nowthewholeearthhadonelanguageandthesamewords.(那时，天下人的口音言语都是一样。)Genesis11:1:ThereforeitsnamewascalledBabel,becausetheretheLORD(God)confusedthelanguageofalltheearth.Babel[巴别塔]TwoMajorFoundationsinWesternCulture1.theGreco-Romanfoundation(古希腊罗马文化基石)Thespiritofrationality理性主义精神2.theJudeo-Christianfoundation（犹太-基督教文化基石）pursuitofGod:thesupernaturalbeingAncientGreekCultureThreemastersofthinking:Socrates（苏格拉底）Plato（柏拉图）Aristotle（亚里斯多德）focusingonpursuitoffreedom,democracyandtruthinnatureandinhumanbeingRomanLawsTheJustinianlawcode(undertheEmperorJustinian)themostsystematicandcompletesummaryoflaws.Christianity1.Birth&DevelopmentofChristianityJesusChrist：theincarnationofGod(Godinhuamfleshbody道成肉身的上帝)“SonofGod”(thesecondpersonintheTrinity三位一体),hecametoprovidesalvation(救赎)forthesinnersChristianity-2OtherChristianbeliefsJesus'virginbirth,HisCrucifixion(putonthecross)forwashinghisbelievers’sin“crucifying”---adj.折磨的ascensionintoHeavenHisfutureSecondComing.Christianity---3majorfestivalsconcernedwithJesusChrist1.GoodFriday:耶稣受难日JesusChristdiedonFriday,adaybeforethePassoverDay)2.EasterDay:复活节(Resurrection)JesusChristrosefromdeathonSunday3.ChristmasDay(Xmas)onhonoringJesus’holybirthBible:ChristianHolyScriptureTheOldTestament:39booksTheNewTestament:27booksTheMiddleAgelate5thcentury---14thcenturyTheageofChristianityTheRomanChurchandPopedominatedbothreligiousandsecularlifeScholarlistism(经院主义)---ThomasAquinas(1225-1274)Crusades:十字军东征---Knighthood(gentlemanhood)骑士精神Renaissance(文艺复兴)late13thcentury---early17thcentury（approx.400years）humanism(人文主义)prosperityinarts.ReligiousReformation宗教改革purificationofChristianity//upholdingtheBibleauthorityagainstPapalauthority教皇权威)SchismofChristianity(threebranchesofChristianity)1）Catholicism：天主教2）theEasternOrthodoxy：东正教3）Protestantism：新教3.pursuitofrationalismandscientismEnlightenment(启蒙运动)(17th—18thcentury)3mastersofthinking:Voltaire(1694-1778)Jean-JacquesRousseau(1712-1778)Montesquieu(1689-1755)Montesquieu’stheoryofpowerseparation.thelegislativepower:Congress(USA)theexecutivepower:President(USA)thejudicialpower:SupremeCourt(USA)Westernculturein19thcenturyThetheoryofEvolution(进化论)---CharlesDarwin---TheOriginofSpecies《物种起源》---survivalofthefittest(actingasthetheoreticguidelineforoverseasinvasionbytheWesternpowers)Westernculturein19thcentury-2---debatingonoriginofhumankind*evolutionvs.creationMarxism---CommunismanditspracticeinRussia&China---success&failureWesternculturein19thcentury-3FriedrichNietzsche(1844-1900)尼采“homelessnessandrootlessness”resultingfromthelossoffaithinGod“alienation”（异化）or“famelesspersons”(无名的人)——lossofindividualidentityandego；menareinstitutionalizedinthemodernsociety.Westernculturein20thcenturySigmundFreud(1856-1939)theoryofpsychoanalysisJean-PaulSartre(1905-1980)---Existentialism(存在主义)*Freedomofchoice.(manhasindividualfreedom.Ifonedoesnotfollowhisownwillbutthatofothers,hewouldlosehisownidentityandego.Suchamandoesnothavearealexistence.)Westernculturein20thcentury-2ModernismPost-modernism:JacquesDerrida(1930-)---relativityofrationality---deconstructionWesternculturein20thcentury-3Threebooksworthyofreading:1.《寂静的春天》蕾切尔·卡逊1962TheSilentSpring2.《增长的极限》德内拉·梅多斯1972LimitstoGrowth3.《文明的冲突》1993ConflictsofCivilizationsBySamuelHuntingdonAspectsofEnglishLearningInContextofCultureParadoxicalthinkingpatternoftheWesterners反合性思维Socrates:TheonlythingIknowisthatIknownothingHegel:历史给人最大的教训就是人从来不从历史吸取教训。Jesus:Ifyousayyoucansee,youarereallyblind.英语词语的隐喻性ThemetaphoricalpropertyinEnglishwordsOriginalmeaningassociativemeaningForexample:Crane:鹤起重机（similarinform）mouse:老鼠鼠标Fall:落下秋天Heart:心爱情Back:背部支持（backup）英语词语的隐喻性-2Backbone:脊椎骨支柱/骨干Eg.Theyarethebackboneofthefootballteam.Crucifixion:钉十字架---痛苦的折磨Grind:磨磨---苦差Mushroom:蘑菇迅速增长Springuplikemushrooms雨后春笋般涌现I.ThreeMajorOriginsofEnglishWords1.Nativewords(ofAnglo-Saxonorigin)2.Latinwords3.FrenchwordsExamplesask[1]---interrogate[2]---question[3]belly[1]---abdomen[2]---stomach[3]rise[1]---ascend[2]---mount[3]holy[1]---consecrated[2]---sacred[3]：神圣的fire---flame—conflagrationeat---dine---ingestI.ThreeoriginsofEnglishwords-2buy[1]---purchase[3]house[1]---mansion[3]answer[1]---reply[3]friendly[1]---amicable[3](friend=ami/amie)might[1]---power[3](mighty=powerful)brotherly[1]---fraternal[2]bodily[1]---corporal[2]身体的；生理的I.ThreeoriginsofEnglishwords-355BCCaesar’s(凯撒大帝JuliusCaesar