定语从句Word-文档

学习必备欢迎下载语法专题：定语从句基本概念：定语从句：在主从复合句中像形容词一样起修饰或限定作用的句子。Eg:StudentswhoareinterestedinEnglishmayattendthelecture.先行词：被定语从句修饰的是先行词。先行词可以是一个词、短语、或是整个句子。Johnpassedtheexam,whichmadehisparentshappy.StudentswhoareinterestedinEnglishmayattendthelecture.关系词：引导定语从句的词是关系词。分为关系代词和关系副词。定语从句的种类：1.限制性定语从句：通常与主句紧密相连，译为“……的”如果去掉整个句子所表达的意思就不完整了。Eg:ThisisthebookthatIwanttoread.2.非限制性定语从句：在结构上通常与主句用逗号隔开，如果去掉的话不影响主句的意思。Eg:Thebook,whosecoverisverybeautiful,belongstohim.关系词的作用：1.引导定语从句，连接主从句。2.指代先行词。3.在定语从句中充当成分。关系代词：主、宾、表、定。关系副词：状关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主、宾Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?Theboy(who)youaretakingcareofismybrother.who，whom,which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that，whowhom人宾语Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworkingTheboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar..学习必备欢迎下载whose人或物定语（…的）Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.whose+n..=the+n.ofwhom=ofwhomthen.如指物用whichEg:Isawatreewhoseleaveswereblack.IsatnexttoagirlwhosenamewasMarry.that人或物主，宾，表（不用于非限和介词后）Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.which物主，宾，表Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.as人或物主，宾Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.as做宾语一般不省略，常用于thesame…as,such…as,as…as,so…as结构中关系副词when时间时间状语Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.可用prep.+whichwhere地点地点状语ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.可用prep.+whichwhy原因原因状语Ican’timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.可用forwhich学习必备欢迎下载考点解析：只能用that做关系词的情况：(1)限制性定语从句中，当先行词被强调，如被any,every,each,few,little,no,some,theonly,thevery等修饰。Eg:HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.(2)先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything,everything…时；Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.(3)先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰抑或先行词本身就是形容词最高级、序数词时。Eg:ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveread.Thisisthefirstbookthathehasread.(4)先行词既有人又有物时。Eg:Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.(5)当句中已有who,which时，为避免重复.Eg：Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?（6）先行词在主句中作表语，关系词在从句中作表语时。Eg:Marryisnolongerthegirlthatsheusedtobe.只能用which做关系词的情况：(1)引导非限制性定语从句，指前面的某事物或前面的整个主句并在句中做主、宾语时。Eg:Hehadfailedintheexam,whichmadehisfatherangry.(2)在介词后面，用which指代事物。Thisistheroominwhichmyfatherlivedlastyear.(3)当先行词本身是that时。Eg:Whatisthatwhichisflyinginthesky?由as引导的定语从句的几种常见情况：(1)as引导非限制性定语从句，说明整个主句的内容，和which引导定语从句代替整个句子的区别是：which不能放在句首，而as则可以在句首、句中，as有“正如”、“就象”之意，而which则没有此意。Eg:Theywonthegame,aswehadexpected.Theywonthegame,whichwehadn’texpected.Asiswellknown,heisafamousfilmstarinthe1980s.(2）当先行词前有thesame，such修饰时，或在“so/as…as”结构中，表示“那样……以致”，后用关系代词as引导限制性定语从句。Eg:Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.Don’treadsuchbooksasyoucan’tunderstand.(3)在such…as结构中，as为关系代词，替代先行词，引导的是定语从句；在such…that结构中，that为连词，引导的是一个完整的结果状语从句。Eg:That’sthesametoolasIusedlastweek.（同类工具，不是同一把）That’sthesametoolthatIusedlastweek.(同一把)定语从句中的主谓一致：(1)关系词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的单复数由先行词决定。Eg:ThemanwholivesdownstairsspeaksEnglishfluently.ThestudentswhoareinGrade3aregoingtoclimbthehilltomorrow.(2）当先行词为oneofthe+复数名词时，定从的谓动用复数动词；当先行词为the(only)oneofthe+复数名词时，定从的谓动用单数动词。学习必备欢迎下载Eg:Heistheonlyoneofthestudentsthatisneverlate.他是学生中唯一从不迟到的学生。Heisoneofthestudentsthatareneverlate.他是从不迟到的学生之一。关系副词相关考点：(1)当先行词为situation,case,point,job,condition…等表示情况、方面的模糊化、抽象化的地方并且从句中缺少状语时，常用where引导定从。Eg:Canyouthinkofasituationwherewecanusethiswordcorrectly?Aftergraduationshereachedapointinhercareerwheresheneededdecidewhattodo.(2)theway做定语从句的先行词时，如果定从中少状语，用that、inwhich或×来引导定语从句。如果少宾语用that、which或×。如少主语用that、which。Eg:Idonotlikethewaythat/inwhich/×hespoketome.Theway(that/which)hetoldusisuseful.关系副词=介词+关系代词(Prep.+which/whom)：Wecouldexpectgooddecisionsfromyou.Wethoughtyouweresuchaperson.=Wethoughtyouwereapersonfromwhomwecouldexpectgooddecisions..Youweretobuydogfoodwiththemoney.Themoneyisgone.=Themoneywithwhichyouweretobuydogfoodisgone.HowtochoosetherightprepositionsExamples:1.Hewillneverforgetthedayonwhichhefailedintheexam2.Thisistheheroofwhomweareproud.HeisthemanonwhomIthinkyoucandepend3.Air,withoutwhichmancan’tlive,isreallyimportantConclusion：1、_________________________________________________.Hewillneverforgettheday___whichhefailedintheexam.NowtheInternetisapopularchannel(渠道）______thepublicvoicetheiropinionsandshowtheirstrength.A.atwhichB.atthatC.throughwhichD.throughthat2、_________________________________________________.Thisisthehero____whomweareproudHeistheman_____whomIthinkyoucandepend1).Isthisthebook________youspent10yuan?2).Isthisthebook________youpaid10yuan?3).Hegavemesomereferencebooks___________Iamnotveryfamiliar.3.___________________________________________________.Air,________whichmancan’tlive,isreallyimportantMr.Tomisthebossofus,_____________Iamworking.1.1949wastheyear____whichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.2.Itisafamousschool_____whichhegraduated3yearsago.学习必备欢迎下载3.Thatwasthepen_____whichhewrotetheletter.4.Doyouremembertheday____whichwemetthefirsttime?5.Thesungivesusheatandlight,______whichwecan’tlive.注意：在短语动词中介词不能提前,如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等Isawthewatchwhichyouarelookingfor?TheoldmanwhomIamlookingafterisbetter.基本结构的拓展1.名词+介词+关系代词Thisistheteacherwhosedaughterisafamo