Marrakech课件PPT

LessonTwoMarrakechbyGeorgeOrwellI.BackgroundKnowledge1.GeorgeOrwellGeorgeOrwellBritishnovelistandessayistbetweenthetwoworldwarsSeenotes1onpage25GeorgeOrwellwasthepseudonymofEricArthurBlair(1903-50),anEnglishwriterwhoatonetimeservedwiththeIndianImperialPoliceinBurma.HefoughtintheSpanishCivilWar,anexperienceherecordedinHomagetoCatalonia.HisnovelsincludeDownandOutinParisandLondon(describingaperiodofpovertyinthesecities);BurmeseDays;ComingupforAir;AClergyman'sDaughter;KeeptheAspidistraFlying;AnimalFarm;and1984.Thelasttwonovelsvilify(诽谤,中伤)socialistsocietyandcommunism.Amonghiswellknownessaysare:ShootinganElephant;AHanging;Marrakech;andPoliticsandtheEnglishLanguage.GeorgeOrwellOrwellisbestrememberedtodayfortwoofhisnovelsAnimalFarmandNineteenEighty-FourHisbook---AnimalFarmAnimalFarm(1945)----apoliticalfableEachanimalrepresentsacertainhumancharacter,meanttocriticizeStalin'ssocialism.AshortnovelthatcriticizestheSovietUnion,oneofEngland'salliesinWorldWarII.Itisanentertainingstoryaboutanimalsor,onadeeperlevel,asavageattackonthemisuseofpoliticalpower.NineteenEighty-Four(1949)AnEnglishnovelaboutlifeinadictatorshipaslivedbyWinstonSmith,anintellectualworkerattheMinistryofTruth,andhisdegradationwhenherunsafoulofthetotalitarian(极权主义的)governmentofOceania(大洋洲),thestateinwhichhelivesintheyearthathepresumesis1984.GeorgeOrwellthemasterofasuperb,lucid(清晰的)prosestyle.anuncompromisingindividualistandpoliticalidealistfamousforhispoliticalsatiresOrwellarguedthatwritershaveanobligationoffightingsocialinjustice,oppression,andthepoweroftotalitarian(极权主义的)regimes.FeaturesofhisworksInreadinghisworks,severalaspectsdrawourattention:1.Hisworksshowsharppowersofobservationanddeepsympathyforsufferingpeople.2.Hisworksgiveadeepsenseofconvictionandurgency.3.TheuseofEnglishisclear,simpleanddirect,withnoformalityofembellishment(润色).(addition/decoration)Hesaidhisidealwastowriteproselikeawindowpane---asclearasglassHisLife–Heismushpraisedinthewestpartlybecauseofhisanti-communistpointofview.–HewasborninIndia,father,asocalledempire-builder--servingtheBritishgovernmentabroad.HisLife–HereceivedgoodeducationinBritainandstudiedinthemostfamousschool“Eden”.HisLife–Marrakechisoneoftheplaceshetravelledto.Histravelmadehimtakeahostileattitudetowardimperialism.Heshoweddeepsympathyforthepoorandbecameafirmsupporterofsocialism.ImperialismThepolicyofextendingacountry'sinfluenceoverlesspowerfulstates(OxfordWorldEncyclopedia(1998).Colonialism:asituationinwhichonecountryrulesanother(麦克米兰英语词典).HisLife–HejoinedSpanishWar.Hewasseriouslywounded.TheSpanishsocialistforcesdividedintofaction.Thefactionhebelongedtowaspersecuted.Sohebecamesopessimisticanddepressed,whichledhimtowardanti-communistattitude.2.Morocco(摩洛哥)摩纳哥地中海沿岸近法-意边界的独立公国。面积：约1.9平方千米。人口：约31,800(2001)。居民大多是法国人，有少数意大利人。只有不到15％的居民为摩纳哥后裔。语言：法语(官方语言)。宗教：天主教。货币：法郎。AsmallprincipalitylocatedinthesouthofFranceinthehillsabovetheMediterraneanSea.NationalflagofMorocco2.Moroccoa.LocatedinNorthAfrica,ontheMediterraneanSeaandtheAtlanticOceanb.About2000B.C.settledbyBerbertribes,theninvadedbyArabsinthe7thcentury,bringingwiththemIslam.c.In1912,aFranco-SpanishagreementdividedMoroccointo4administrativezones---FrenchMorocco,Spanishprotectorate(保护国),asouthernprotectorateandaninternationalzone.d.Gainedindependencein1956andbecameaconstitutionalmonarchy(君主国)in1957.MoroccoisamemberoftheUnitedNations,theLeagueofArabStates,andtheOrganizationofAfricanUnity.e.People:mostMuslims;Most(70%)Moroccansarefarmers,usingcamels,donkeysandmulestopullplows,tryingtotrytogrowtheirownfood.IntheSouthafewtribesmenstillwanderfromplacetoplaceinthedesert.f.Islam:thestatereligiong.Arabic---theofficiallanguage,FrenchandSpanishalsospoken.Marrakech(马拉喀什)Marrakech/Marrakesh(马拉喀什)Location:AtthecenterofwestMorocco,attheNorthernfootofthehighAtlas.130milessouthofCasablanca,thechiefseaport.---ItistheprincipalcommercialcenterofMorocco.---Ithasextremelyhotsummersbutmildwinters.---Renownedforleathergoods---theoldcityislikealabyrinth(迷宫)fullofcrooked,deadenedstreets.MarrakechMarrakechisnotonlyafantasticcity,itisalsoasymboloftheMoroccothatoncewas,andwhichstillsurviveshere.Thestreetsoftheoldandpinkcityhavebeentoonarrowtoallowtheintroductionofcars,andtouristssearchingfortherealMoroccohaveturnedthemedievalstructuresofMarrakechintogoodbusiness.Themarket1Themarket2