基本句型的结构及其用法

基本句型的结构及其用法五大基本句型1.主+谓2.主系表3.主+谓+宾4.主+谓+直宾+间宾5.主+谓+宾+宾补1.主+谓主语+谓语的句型。这是英语句子中最基本最简单的句型。Iswim.Shewalks.Heeats.Theydrink....1.主+谓1.主+谓+（状）这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，动词后不可以直接接宾语，后面可以跟副词、介词短语等作状语,构成主谓状句型。常见的动词如：work,sing,swim,fish,jump,arrive,come,die,disappear,cry,happen等。如：1）Herunseverymorning.(时间状语)2)Theywereswimminginthesea.(地点状语)1.太阳升起。sun,rises,theThesunrises.2.红太阳升起。sun,rises,the,redTheredsunrises.3.你要努力学习。study,should,you,hardYoushouldstudyhard.4.他很晚才回家。he,home,very,went,lateHewenthomeverylate.5.在月球上是没有生命的。on,can,moon,the,live,nothingNothingcanliveonthemoon.2.主+系+表主语+系动词+表语。例如“youaremymother”（你是我的妈妈）就是一个简单的主系表结构，“are”作为系动词，本身具备一定的词义，但不能独立充当谓语，必须和句子中的表语“mymother”一起构成谓语。Iamagirl.Heisastudent.Sheisbeautiful....2.主+系+表1.我妈妈是护士。a,my,mother,is,nurseMymotherisanurse.2.老师生气了。got,angry,teacher,theTheteachergotangry.3.他们看起来对我们很友好。appeared,with,they,tobefriendly,usTheyappearedtobefriendlywithus.4.身体感到很冷。feels,cold,very,body,theThebodyfeelsverycold.5.布莱克的脸慢慢变红了。Mr.Black’s,slowly,face,red,turnedMr.Black'sfaceturnedredslowly.3.主+谓+宾主语+谓语+宾语。这是英语基本句式中应用的最为广泛的一种，它和我们汉语中的主谓宾表达基本一致。汉语中的“我爱你”也是如此结构。Ieatlunch.Shewashedclothes.Helikesswiming.Myfatherdrinkswater....这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词,后接宾语，宾语后面跟副词、介词短语等作状语,说明动作发生的情况，构成主谓宾状句型。例：1.Iboughtabookyesterday.2.Shelikesdancingverymuch.3.主+谓+宾+（状）1.他两年前就不教书了。he,his,teaching,two,gave,up,years,agoHegaveuphisteachingtwoyearsago.2.怀特夫人照看着我的孩子。looked,my,children,after,Mrs.WhiteMrs.Whitelookedaftermychildren.3.学生上课时应注意听老师讲课。payattentionto,students,the,teacher,shouldStudentsshouldpayattentiontotheteacher.4.人们谈论过那次音乐会。concert,talked,people,the,aboutPeopletalkedabouttheconcert.5.你们必须在课后把练习本交来。must,you,your,handin,exercise-books,afterclassYoumusthandinyourexercise-booksafterclass.四.主+谓+间宾+直宾主语+谓语+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）。Heboughtmearing.Shetakesmesomefood.Theygivemeanapple.Thegirlshowedmetheway.Itoldshewhattodo.四.主+谓+间宾+直宾1.他给了我一朵红玫瑰。rose,a,he,me,gave,redHegavemearedrose.2.这孩子把他的身世告诉了我。told,me,the,story,boy,hisTheboytoldmehisstory.3.史密斯先生在课堂上问了我们几个问题。Mr.Smith,us,class,questions,asked,some,in,theMr.Smithaskedmeussomequestionsintheclass.4.约翰没有对经理说实话。tell,did,not,John,manager,the,the,truthJohndidnottellthemanagerthetruth.5.你必须在星期五之前把书还给图书馆。before,the,library,books,the,to,you,must,return,FridayYoumustreturnthebookstothlibrarybeforeFriday.五.主+谓+宾+宾补主语+谓语+宾语+宾补Ifoundhimout.TheynamedtheboyTom....五.主+谓+宾+宾补1.我们选举杨林当班长。elected,Yangling,monitor,we,ourWeelectedYanglingourmonitor.2.他们给儿子取名为亨利。they,their,son,Henry,namedTheynamedtheirsonHenry.3.太阳使我们保持温暖。sun,us,keeps,the,warmThesunkeepsuswarm.4.这个消息使他很不愉快。news,him,makes,the,unhappy.Thenewsmakeshimunhappy.5.我们大家都认为他是诚实的。us,all,him,of,supposed,honestAllofussupposedhimhonest.a.主-----系-----表b.主----谓c.主-----谓----宾d.主----谓----间宾----直宾e.主----谓-----宾-----补1.Thepaindrovememad.()2.Herexplanationsoundscrazy.()3.Shethrewhimakiss.()4.Timeflies.()5.Thecatcaughtthelittlemouse.()6.Manypeopleconsidertheastronautagreathero.()7.Hehasgrownveryold.()8.Mikeishealthy.()9.Architectsdesignbuildings.()10.Sheofferedmesomecake.()eadaceaacdTherebe句型：Therebe结构主要用以表达“某地有某人(某物)”。其基本句型为“Therebe+某物或某人(主语)+某地”。：(1)Thereis+单数可数名词/不可数名词+地点状语.E.g.Thereisadeskintheclassroom.在教室里有一张桌子。(2)Thereare+复数名词+地点状语.E.g.Thereare5applesinthebox.盒子里有五个苹果。若句子中有几个并列的主语时,be的形式要与离其最近的一个主语在人称和数上保持一致。E.g.1.Thereisapen,twopencilsandsomebooksonthedesk.书桌上有一支钢笔、两支铅笔和一些书。2.Therearetwopencils,apenandsomebooksonthedesk.书桌上有两支铅笔、一支钢笔和一些书。3.Therearesomebooks，twopencilsandapenonthedesk.练习：Theremilkandeggsonthetable.Thereeggsandmilkonthetable.1.______therearadioonyourdesk?A.AreB.IsC.Am2.____thereamaponthewall?Yes,there______.A.Are/isB.Is/areC.Is/isD.Are/are3.There___twoapples,oneorangeandonebananaonthetable.A.hasB.areC.amD.is4.There_____apencil,abookandtwopensonthetable.A.isB.areC.amD.have5.Arethere_____picturesonthewall?No,therearen't____.A.any/anyB.some/anyC.some/someD.any/some6.There_______somewaterinthecup.A.isB.amC.areD.be句型变化：(1)、否定句：therebe的否定式通常在be后加not。E.g.Thereisabikeunderthetree.树下有一辆自行车。Thereisn'tabikeunderthetree.E.g.Thereare2littlegirlsintheroom.在房间里有两个小女孩。Therearen't2littlegirlsintheroom.(2)、一般疑问句及其答语：1、一般疑问句：把be动词提前,首字母大写,句末用问号即可。2、回答时，“用什么问，就用什么答”，用Is/Arethere来提问，就用thereis/are来回答。肯定回答：Yes,thereis/are.否定回答：No,thereisn't/aren't.E.g.1、Therearetwocatsinthetree.树上有两只猫。Aretheretwocatsinthetree?Yes,thereare.No,therearen't..2、Thereisacomputeronthedesk.在桌子上有一台电脑。Isthereacomputeronthedesk？Yes,thereis.No,thereisn't.Thereisanewbedandanolddeskintheroom.否定句一般疑问句否定回答Thereisnotanewbedandolddeskintheroom.Isthereanewbedoranolddeskintheroom?No,thereisn't.1.There_______somewaterinthecup.A.isB.amC.areD.be2.______thereabookonthedesknow?A.IsB.AreC.WereD.Was3.Howmanypeople______inyourfamily?A.doyouhaveB.arethereC.youhadD.thereare4.There______anytreesinfrontoftheclassroom.A.isn'tB.aren'tC.hasn'tD.haven't5.There______sheepinthefield.A.isB.aremuchC.aremanyD.area6.Thereare______inthefield.Theyareeatinggrass.A.ahorseB.muchhorsesC.manyhorseD.manyhorses7.There______anewbedandanolddeskintheroom.A.isB.areC.haveD.has8.______anytreesinthepicture?A.IsthereB.ArethereC.