Writing-Apache-Modules-with-Perl-and-C

WritingApacheModuleswithPerlandCLincolnSteinDougMacEachernPublisher:O'ReillyFirstEditionMarch1999ISBN:1-56592-567-X,746pagesThisguidetoWebprogrammingteachesyouhowtoextendthecapabilitiesoftheApacheWebserver.ItexplainsthedesignofApache,mod_perl,andtheApacheAPI,thendemonstrateshowtousethemtorewriteCGIscripts,filterHTMLdocumentsontheserver-side,enhanceserverlogfunctionality,convertfileformatsonthefly,andmore.12Copyright©1999O'Reilly&Associates,Inc.Allrightsreserved.PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.PublishedbyO'Reilly&Associates,Inc.,101MorrisStreet,Sebastopol,CA95472.TheO'ReillylogoisaregisteredtrademarkofO'Reilly&Associates,Inc.Manyofthedesignationsusedbymanufacturersandsellerstodistinguishtheirproductsareclaimedastrademarks.Wherethosedesignationsappearinthisbook,andO'Reilly&Associates,Inc.wasawareofatrademarkclaim,thedesignationshavebeenprintedincapsorinitialcaps.Theuseofthewhite-tailedeagleimageinassociationwithApachemodulesisatrademarkofO'Reilly&Associates,Inc.Whileeveryprecautionhasbeentakeninthepreparationofthisbook,thepublisherassumesnoresponsibilityforerrorsoromissions,orfordamagesresultingfromtheuseoftheinformationcontainedherein.3PrefaceWhatYouNeedtoKnowtoGettheMostoutofThisBookHowThisBookIsOrganizedConventionsTheCompanionWebSitetoThisBookUsingFTPandCPANCommentsandQuestionsAcknowledgments1.Server-SideProgrammingwithApache1.1WebProgrammingThenandNow1.2TheApacheProject1.3TheApacheCandPerlAPIs1.4IdeasandSuccessStories2.AFirstModule2.1Preliminaries2.2DirectoryLayoutStructure2.3Installingmod_perl2.4HelloWorldwiththePerlAPI2.5HelloWorldwiththeCAPI2.6InstantModuleswithApache::Registry2.7TroubleshootingModules3.TheApacheModuleArchitectureandAPI3.1HowApacheWorks3.2TheApacheLifeCycle3.3TheHandlerAPI3.4PerlAPIClassesandDataStructures4.ContentHandlers4.1ContentHandlersasFileProcessors4.2VirtualDocuments4.3Redirection4.4ProcessingInput4.5Apache::Registry4.6HandlingErrors4.7ChainingContentHandlers4.8MethodHandlers5.MaintainingState5.1ChoosingtheRightTechnique5.2MaintainingStateinHiddenFields5.3MaintainingStatewithCookies5.4ProtectingClient-SideInformation5.5StoringStateattheServerSide5.6StoringStateInformationinSQLDatabases5.7OtherServer-SideTechniques6.AuthenticationandAuthorization6.1AccessControl,Authentication,andAuthorization6.2AccessControlwithmod_perl6.3AuthenticationHandlers6.4AuthorizationHandlers6.5Cookie-BasedAccessControl46.6AuthenticationwiththeSecureSocketsLayer7.OtherRequestPhases7.1TheChildInitializationandExitPhases7.2ThePostReadRequestPhase7.3TheURITranslationPhase7.4TheHeaderParserPhase7.5CustomizingtheTypeCheckingPhase7.6CustomizingtheFixupPhase7.7TheLoggingPhase7.8RegisteredCleanups7.9HandlingProxyRequests7.10PerlServer-SideIncludes7.11SubclassingtheApacheClass8.CustomizingtheApacheConfigurationProcess8.1SimpleConfigurationwiththePerlSetVarDirective8.2TheApacheConfigurationDirectiveAPI8.3ConfiguringApachewithPerl8.4DocumentingConfigurationFiles9.PerlAPIReferenceGuide9.1TheApacheRequestObject9.2OtherCorePerlAPIClasses9.3ConfigurationClasses9.4TheApache::FileClass9.5SpecialGlobalVariables,Subroutines,andLiterals10.CAPIReferenceGuide,PartI10.1WhichHeaderFilestoUse?10.2MajorDataStructures10.3MemoryManagementandResourcePools10.4TheArrayAPI10.5TheTableAPI10.6ProcessingRequests10.7ServerCoreRoutines11.CAPIReferenceGuide,PartII11.1ImplementingConfigurationDirectivesinC11.2CustomizingtheConfigurationProcess11.3StringandURIManipulation11.4FileandDirectoryManagement11.5TimeandDateFunctions11.6MessageDigestAlgorithmFunctions11.7UserandGroupIDInformationRoutines11.8DataMutexLocking11.9LaunchingSubprocessesA.StandardNoncoreModulesA.1TheApache::RegistryClassA.2TheApache::PerlRunClassA.3TheApache::RegistryLoaderClassA.4TheApache::ResourceClassA.5TheApache::PerlSectionsClassA.6TheApache::ReadConfigClassA.7TheApache::StatINCClassA.8TheApache::IncludeClass5A.9TheApache::StatusClassB.BuildingandInstallingmod_perlB.1StandardInstallationB.2OtherConfigurationMethodsC.BuildingMultifuleCAPIModulesC.1StatisticallyLinkedModulesThatNeedExternalLibrariesC.2DynamicallyLinkedModulesThatNeedExternalLibrariesC.3BuildingModulesfromSeveralSourceFilesD.Apache::ModulesAvailableonCPAND.1ContentHandlingD.2URITranslationD.3PerlandHTMLMixingD.4AuthenticationandAuthorizationD.5FixupD.6LoggingD.7ProfilingD.8PersistentDatabaseConnectionsD.9MiscellaneousE.Third-PartyCModulesE.1ContentHandlingE.2InternationalLanguageE.3SecurityE.4AccessControlE.5AuthenticationandAuthorizationE.6LoggingE.7DistributedAuthoringE.8MiscellaneousF.HTML::Embperl—EmbeddingPerlCodeinHTMLF.1DynamicTablesF.2HandlingFormsF.3StoringPersistentDataF.4ModularizationofEmbperlPagesF.5DebuggingF.6QueryingaDatabaseF.7SecurityF.8AnExtendedExampleColophon6PrefaceOneoftheminormiraclesoftheWorldWideWebisthatitmakesclient/servernetworkprogrammingeasy.WiththeCommonGatewayInterface(CGI)anyonecanbecomeanetworkprogrammer,creatingdynamicwebpages,frontendsfordatabases,andevencomplexintranetapplicationswithease.Ifyou'relikemanywebprogrammers,youstartedoutbywritingCGIscriptsinPerl.Withit