我为美而死-I-died-for-beauty赏析

EmilyDickinsonIdiedforbeauty——butwasscarceContents1.Introduction2.Theformandtherhyme3.Textanalysis&importantmetaphors4.Comparisonbetween《IDiedforBeauty——ButWasScarce》&《OdeonaGrecian》5.Thethoughtsandthetheme6.Enlightenment一、IntroductionofEmilyDickinson“IfIreadabookanditmakesmywholebodysocoldthatnofireevercanwarmme,Iknowthatispoetry.IfIfeelphysicallyasifthetopofmyheadweretakenoff,Iknowthatispoetry.”——EmilyDickinsonBriefIntroductionBeingconsideredapioneerinmodernpoetposthumously（于死后，于身后）.AlongwithWhitman,beingregardedasoneofthegreatestAmericanpoets.1830.12.10——1886.05.15BorninAmherst,Massachusetts&aprominentfamilyReligiousbeliefwasCalvinismthatruledthepoet’searlyyearsPublishedlessthan10poemsamong1800poemsbeforeherdeath.Knowingforbeingarecluse,shedidn’tleaveherfamily’shomesteadafterthelate1860s.After70yearsofherdeath,shebegantoreceiveseriousattentionoftheliterary.HadlittleformaleducationHadhighinterestsinworksofmanyfamouswriters(suchasShakespeare,ElizabethBrowning,Brontesister)whoaffectedherintellectualthinkingandworks.ThreeimportantmenBenjaminNewton,ayounglawyer,whoimprovedherliteraryandculturaltastes.Shereferstohim“afriend,whotaughtmeimmortality”.Hedirectedhertointellectualindependenceandultimatelytopoetry.(Emilywas18)CharlesWadsworth,amarriedministerwhoprovidedherwithintellectualchallengeandcontactwiththeoutsideworld.Dickinsonfeltanaffectionforhimthathecouldnotreturn.(Emilywas24)ThomasHigginson,apoetrycriticfortheAtlanticMonthly,wholaterhelpedgatheringherpoemsforpublications.(Emilywas33)thesourcesofherinspirationandguidancePoem’sThemesBasedonherownexperiences:joys,sorrowsandimagination.(1)Religion——doubtandbeliefaboutreligioussubjects(2)Deathandimmortality(3)Love——sufferingandfrustrationcausedbylove(4)Physicalaspectofdesire(5)Nature——benevolent(kind)andcruel(6)FreewillandhumanresponsibilityTheartisticfeaturesofDickinson’swriting●Notitles.●Dashesareusedasamusicaldevice.●Capitallettersasameansofemphasis.●Sheoftenusedpersona（人格面具）andpersonalification.Herpoetryisremarkableforitsvariety,subtletyandrichness.●Brevity,directnessandplainness.Herpoemsareusuallyshort,rarelymorethantwentylines,andmanyofthemarecenteredonasingleimageorsymbolandfocusononesubjectmatter.二、Theformandtherhyme（一）FormThefirstandthethirdlinesareiambictetrameter(抑扬格四音步）thesecondandthefourthlinesareiambictrimeter(抑扬格三音步)IdiedforBeauty－butwasscarceAdjustedintheTombWhenonewhodiedforTruth,waslainInanadjoiningRoom－Hequestionedsoftly“WhyIfailed?”“ForBeauty,”Ireplied－“AndI－forTruth－ThemselfareOne－WeBrethren,are,”Hesaid－Andso,asKinsmen,metaNight－WetalkedbetweentheRooms－UntiltheMosshadreachedourlips－Andcoveredup－ournames－（二）RhymePerfectRhyme(完美押韵):Rhymeinwhichthefinalaccentedvowelandallsucceedingconsonantsorsyllablesareidentical,whiletheprecedingconsonantsaredifferent.SlantRhyme(缺陷押韵):Apartialorimperfectrhyme,oftenusingassonance(元韵)orconsonance(和韵)only.Alsocalledhalfrhyme(半韵),nearrhyme(邻韵),obliquerhyme(斜韵),andoffrhyme.Rhymescheme:abcbIdiedforBeauty－butwasscarceAdjustedintheTombWhenonewhodiedforTruth,waslainInanadjoiningRoom－Hequestionedsoftly“WhyIfailed?”“ForBeauty,”Ireplied－“AndI－forTruth－ThemselfareOne－WeBrethren,are,”Hesaid－Andso,asKinsmen,metaNight－WetalkedbetweentheRooms－UntiltheMosshadreachedourlips－Andcoveredup－ournames－PerfectrhymeTomb[tuːm]Room[ruːm]SlantrhymeRooms[ruːmz]Names[neɪmz]SlantrhymeReplied[rɪˈplaɪd]said[sed]RhymeschemeEvennumberlines:rhymeregularlyOddlines:changefreelyInpairsalone·Itmeansthatholdingontothefaithoftruthandbeautyisdoomedtobelonely.·Thereisnoabsolutefreedominthepursuitofbeautyandtruth.（三）ThedashesDashesareusedasmusicaldevicetocreatecadence(韵律).Whenfullstop(句号)meanstheend,thepoetusedthedashestoindicatethatthedeathisn’ttheendtopursuethetruthandbeauty.（四）ThefirstpersonnarrationThepoetisthenarrator,asiftodirectlytellthereaderherownexperienceandfeelings.Thecolloquial,conciseandnaturallanguageismoreimpressiveinauditions.三、TextAnalysis&ImportantMetaphors:以大写字母开头的词作为强调的特点Beforewestartthispart,weshouldlearnthatthepoemsofDickinsonhaveanobviousartisticfeaturewhichisthatshetendstoapplythewordsbeginningwithcapitalletterforemphasis.Howtounderstand'scarce’?InDickinson'stime,fewwriterswouldchoosetosecludeinordertopursueBeauty&Truth,especiallywhenintheirgoldenageandintheascendantoftheircareer.↓（与世俗格格不入的性格）Thefirststanza:IdiedforBeauty—butwasscarce(rare)我为美而死，但还不怎么AdjustedintheTomb适应坟墓里的生活WhenOnewhodiedforTruth,waslain这时一位为真理而死的人InaadjoiningRoom(neighboringnextdoor)—被安放在隔壁墓室里MainIdeaofthe1ststanza:Dickinsondiedpursingthebeautyofartandimmediatelyasshebecameaccustomedtothenewcircumstanceofatomb,shewastoldthattherewasanotherwhodiedfortruthandarrivedinthenextroom.Tomb:referstotheroomshelivedduringherreclusionRoom:referstothelifeaftershesecluded(ReasonswhyDickinsonwasdeterminedtoseclude:①forbeauty②fortruth)Thesecondstanza:Hequestionedsoftly“WhyIfailed”?他柔声问道：“你为何而死”？“ForBeauty,”Ireplied—“为了美”，我回答说—“AndI—forTruth—ThemselvesareOne—“我，为真理—两者都一样WeBrethren，are,”（wearebrothers）Hesaid—我们俩是兄弟”，他说。“WhyIfailed”？---Dickinsonw