MIT-Lecture-Shape-Grammer

ShapeGrammarsGenerativeDesignSystems(DECO2013)WhatDoYouSee?WhatisaShapeGrammar?“Ashapegrammarisasetofshaperulesthatapplyinastep-by-stepwaytogenerateaset,orlanguage,ofdesigns.Shapegrammarsarebothdescriptiveandgenerative.Therulesofashapegrammargenerateorcomputedesigns,andtherulesthemselvesaredescriptionsoftheformsofthegenerateddesigns.”ShapeGrammarsinEducationandPractice:HistoryandProspects(TerryKnight,1999)WhatmakesShapeGrammarsSpecial?‣Shapegrammarsarespatial‣Theydealwithshapesdirectly,notranslationorinterpretationfromsymbolsisrequired.‣Shapegrammarssupportemergence‣Theemergenceofshapesisanimportantpartofhowshapegrammarswork.‣Shapegrammarsmatchnon-deterministicallySpatialRules‣Shapegrammarsarespatial,ratherthantextualorsymbolic‣Theelementsoftheshapegrammarrulesareshapes:points,lines,planes,orvolumes‣Shapegrammarrulesuseshapeoperationsofadditionandsubtraction,andspatialtransformations,e.g.translation,reflection,androtationSomeSimpleRulesRule2Rule1Examplefrom:~tknight/IJDC/Emergence‣Shapegrammarstreatshapesasnon-atomicelementsthatcanbedecomposedandreassembledasrequired.‣Thisallowstheapplicationofrulestoshapesthatemergefromanypartsoftheshapesgeneratedthroughtheapplicationofrules.‣Supportforemergencedistinguishesshapegrammarsfromotherdesigngrammars.InitialShapeExamplefrom:~tknight/IJDC/Step1ApplicationRuleExamplefrom:~tknight/IJDC/Step2ApplicationRuleExamplefrom:~tknight/IJDC/Step3ApplicationRuleExamplefrom:~tknight/IJDC/Step4ApplicationRuleExamplefrom:~tknight/IJDC/Step5ApplicationRuleExamplefrom:~tknight/IJDC/FinalShapeExamplefrom:~tknight/IJDC/Non-Determinism‣Evenwithasingleruleforeachshapetheapplicationofrulesisnon-deterministicbecausetheycanbeappliedtomultipleshapeswithinafigureInitialShapeExamplefrom:~tknight/IJDC/AlternativeStep1ApplicationRuleExamplefrom:~tknight/IJDC/AlternativeStep2ApplicationRuleExamplefrom:~tknight/IJDC/AlternativeStep3ApplicationRuleExamplefrom:~tknight/IJDC/AlternativeStep4ApplicationRuleExamplefrom:~tknight/IJDC/AlternativeStep5ApplicationRuleExamplefrom:~tknight/IJDC/AlternativeFinalShapeExamplefrom:~tknight/IJDC/3DShapeGrammars‣Shapegrammarscanbeusedtogenerate3Dforminmuchthesamewaytheycanbeusedtogenerate2Dforms‣Thenumberofwaysthatasinglerulecanbeappliedincreaseswiththeadditionalaxesofsymmetry,leadingtocomplexstructuresfromverysimplerulesA3DShapeGrammarInitialShapeRuleExamplefrom:~tknight/IJDC/RuleApplicationTheonerulecanbeappliedin16differentwaysExamplefrom:~tknight/IJDC/GeneratedDesignsExamplefrom:~tknight/IJDC/StagesinShapeGrammarDesignShapesShapesRelationsRulesShapesGrammarsDesignsShapesSpatialRelationsSpatialRulesSpatialRelationSpatialRuleLabelsRuleLabelledRuleDerivationExamplesChineseIce-RayShapeGrammar!!!!Chineseice-rayshapegrammar(Stiny,1977)Source:MITOpenCourseWarederivationofanice-raydesignSource:MITOpenCourseWarePalladianVillasPalladianVillas(StinyandMitchell,1978)Source:MITOpenCourseWareMughulGardensMughulGardens(StinyandMitchell,1980)Source:MITOpenCourseWareJapaneseTearoomsJapaneseTearooms(Knight,1981)Source:MITOpenCourseWareFurtherReading‣InShape,GeorgeStinyarguesthatseeingshapes—withalltheirchangeabilityandambiguity—isaninexhaustiblesourceofcreativeideas.Understandingshapes,hesays,isausefulwaytounderstandwhatispossibleindesign.LabExercises‣CalculatethederivationofapplyingthefollowingrulesLabAssignmentDesigningwithContextFreeDesignBrief‣Arugmanufacturerwantstobeabletoofferitscustomersawiderangeofdesignerrugsindifferentstyles.‣Inparticular,themanufacturerwouldliketoofferstochasticallygeneratedrugdesigns,somebasedonfractaldesigns.‣YourtaskistousetheContextFreesoftwaretocreatearugdesigngrammar.DesignRequirements‣Therugdesigngrammarsshouldmakeuseofnon-deterministicrulessothateachgrammarcanproducemultipledesigns.‣Someoftherugdesigngrammarsshoulduserulesthatcallthemselvestoproduceself-similar(fractal-like)designs.RugDesignTemplates‣Todevelopyourrugdesigngrammarsyoushouldfirstdesignarugdesigntemplatetohelpyouplanyourgrammar.‣Eachrugdesigntemplatedescribesthebasiclayoutofarugintermsofdifferentregionsthatgotomakeuparug,e.g.cornerregions,borderregionsandacentralregion.ACheckerboardRugTemplateTILETYPE1TILETYPE2ABorderedRugTemplateCORNERTILEBORDERTILECENTERTILEDesigningTemplateswith“Marked”ShapesEachtileisaninstanceofaMARKED_SQUAREincludedfromthefilemarked_shapes.cfdgRugDesignGrammars‣Everyrugdesigntemplatedescribesaspaceofpossiblerugdesigngrammars‣Eachrugdesigngrammarprovidesdesignsfortheregionsidentifiedinthetemplate.‣Arugdesigngrammarshouldprovidemultipledesignrulesforeachtypeofregioninatemplatesothatitcanproduceawiderangeofrandomlygeneratedrugdesigns.SimpleCheckerboardRugGrammarFractalCheckerboardRugGrammarDistortedCheckerboardRugGrammarSimpl