中考英语词汇变形含经典练习和答案

1动词变名词1．动词加-er变成名词，如：attack→attackerlead→leaderperform→performerwait→waiterdesign→designermanage→managerread→readerforeign→foreignerwrite→writerexplore→explorermurder→murdererspeak→speakerprint→printerhunt→hunterown→ownerteenage→teenagersing→singer注意双写：travel→travellerrun→runnerwin→winner;rob→robberkidnap→kidnappershop→shopperswim→swimmer2．动词加-or变成名词，如：visit→visitorinvent→inventoroperate→operatordirect→directoract→actor3．动词加-tion变成名词，如：Collect--collectionCommunicate-communicationdecide--decisiondiscuss--discussionCompete-competitionConclude--conclusionContribute-contributionprotect--protectioneducate--educationoperate--operationorganize-organizationPollute--pollutionDirect-directionsuggest--suggestioninvent--inventionIntroduce--introductioninform--information4.动词加-ment变成名词，如：organize—organizationachieve→achievementadvertise→advertisementagree→agreementexcite→excitementmove→movementimprove→improvementdevelop→developmenttreat→treatment2020.年3月5日25.动词加-ance变成名词。如：appear→appearanceperform→performanceenter→entrance6.动词加-ing变成名词。如：build→buildingend→endingjog→joggingtrain→trainingbegin→beginningfeel→feelingpaint→paintingwarn→warningcook→cookinggreet→greetingshake→shakingwrite→writingcycle→cyclinggreet→greetingski→skiingdraw→drawinghike→hikingspell→spelling注意动词变名词的特殊形式：lose→lossbleed→bloodarrive→arrivaladvise→adviceaffect→effectbreathe→breatharrive→arrivalaffect→effectdie→deathcomplain→complaintchoose→choicemarry→marriagethink→thought形容词与副词的原级、比较级和最高级类1．形容词和副词的比较级、最高级构成（1）单音节词与部分双音节词规则变变化：①一般词尾加er,estfastfasterfastest②以辅音字母加y结尾变y为i加-er,-esteasyeasiereasiest③以一个元音加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音hothotterhottest3节，双写这个辅音字母再加-er,-est④以e结尾加-r，-stfine→finer,nice→nicer（2）部分双音节词或以形容词加-ly变成的副词和多音节词，在其前加more,most变成比较级和最高级。如：interesting→moreinteresting，mostinterestingbeautiful→morebeautiful，mostbeautifulslowly→moreslowly，mostslowlyquickly→morequickly，mostquickly（3）不规则变化：good→better→bestwell→better→bestill→worse→worstbad/badly→worse→worstmany→more→mostmuch→more→mostlittle→less→leastold→older/older→oldest/eldestfar→farther/further→farthest/furthest2．原型：as＋形容词或副词的原型＋as“和……一样……”，notas/so＋形容词或副词的原型＋as“和……不一样……”。基数词变序数词类主要掌握好1-12和20、30、40、50、60、70、80、90及21、22、23这几个序数词的形式：one→firstsix→sixtheleven→eleventhfifty→fiftieth4two→secondseven→seventhtwelve→twelfthsixty→sixtieththree→thirdeight→eighthtwenty→twentiethSeventy-seventiethfour→fourthnine→ninththirty→thirtietheighty→eightiethFive-fifthten→tenthforth→fortiethninety→ninetiethtwenty-one-twenty-firsttwenty-two-twenty-secondtwenty-three-twenty-third注意次数的表达：one-oncetwo-twicethree-threetime否定前缀un-unable;uncommon;unusual;unfair;unhappy;unhealthy;unlucky;unpleasant;unpopular;unimportant;unnecessary;untidyim-Impolite;impossible;impatientdis-dishonest;disabled;disadvantage;disagree;disappear;dislike;discountir-irregularin-inactive;incorrect;inexpensive;inexperienced人称代词变化类要熟练掌握和运用主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词及名词性物主代词。见下面表格：数格单数复数主格宾格主格宾格5单数复数第一人称形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词形容词性物主代词名词性物主代第二人称mymineourours第三人称youryoursyouryoursHisheritsHishersitstheirtheirs常见的反义词1．动词buy—selltake—bringremember—forgetdie—livelove—hateask—answerrise—fallstart—finishmiss—catchpull—pushgo—comelend—borrow人称第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称HesheitHimherittheythe62．形容词strong—weaklight—heavywhite—blacksame—differentopen—closedfew—manyeasy—difficultwet—dryfree—busycheap—expensiveclean—dirtyshort—tall/longcareful—carelessdead—livinglittle—muchgood—badright—left/wrongfull—empty常考的句式结构1.动词不定式agree/learn/hope/wish/prefer/plan/decide/choose/wouldlike/seem/invite/fail/promise/afford/seemtodosth.have/has(no)timetryone'sbestcan'twaitthefirsthavenochoicebut2.动名词finish/keep/practise/mind/enjoy/spend/suggest/like/love/hatedoingsthcan'tstopcan’thelp(情不自禁)havedifficulty(trouble/problem)7spendtimebebusy/beworthhaveagoodtime/havefunstop/keep/preventsb.(from)prefer...to..../lookforwardto/beusedto(习惯于)/payattentionto/devote...to3.既可以跟动词不定式又可以跟动名词：remembertodo(记住去做)rememberdoing(记得做过)forgettodo(忘记去做)forgetdoing(忘记做过)forgettodo(忘记去做)forgetdoing(忘记做过)goontodo(接着做另一事)goondoing(继续做同一事)stoptodo(停下来去做)stopdoing(停止做)can’thelptodo(不能帮助做)can’thelpdoing(情不自禁做)4.类型1）表示提建议的Whatabout...?Whynot....?adj/adv+enoughtodosth;It'stimetodosth;Youhadbetter....wouldyoumind...?wouldratherdoAthandoBIt's+adj+(for/ofsb)todosth2)特殊疑问词+动词不定式，如：8Somedogsjustdon’tknowhowtohavefun.thanksbfordoingsthIttakessbsometimetodosthusedtodosthbeusedtodosthbeusedtodoingsth辨析3)被动语态：bemade/seen/noticedtodosth;beseen/noticedtodosth与beseen/noticeddoingsth辨析。注意：以上几点一般考查动词形式。4）if,unless引导的条件状语从句和until,assoonas等引导的时间状语从句；注意：一般考查动词时态的判断；5）So...that...与such...that...句型；注意：一般考查与enough或者too...to...结构的替换。冲刺练习1.Themotherdidn’tknowwhyherdaughterwascrying.(noise)2.TheSmithsliveonthe__________floorofthehighrise.(nine)3.Allthegreat__________arerespected（尊敬）bytheworld.(invent)4.Whenyoustudyaforeignlanguage,it’simportanttomakeagood_________.(begin)5.Everyoneknowssuchkindofbooksis___________tochildren.Theyshouldn’tbesoldatanybookstore.(harm)6.Inthepastpunishment（惩罚）wasdecidedbytheuniversity.Thestudenthadno___________buttoacceptit.(choose)7.The__