英语专业-精读-第四册课件Lesson-1-(R)

ThinkingasaHobbyAgenda•Illustrations•Aboutthestatuettes•QuotationsonThinking•BackgroundInformation•TextAppreciation•LanguagestudyIllustrationsWhatdoyouknowaboutthem?Whatdotheysymbolize?VenusLeopardRodin’sThinkernakedwithnothingbutabathtowel;noarms;inanunfortunatepositioncrouching;nakednaked,muscular,whosat,lookingdown;hischinonhisfistandelbowonhiskneefrozeninpanic,worryingaboutthetowelbusybeingbeautifulreadytospringdownatthetopdrawerfromthecupboardutterlymiserable;contemplatethehindquartersoftheleopardinendlessgloombusybeingnaturalnotmiserable,animageofpurethoughtI.Aboutthestatuettes•“Icannotteachanybodyanything,Icanonlymakethemthink.”—Socrates•“Ithink,thereforeIam.”—RenéDéscartes•“Intelligenceissomethingwearebornwith.Thinkingisaskillthatmustbelearned.”—EdwarddeBonoQuotationsonThinking“Wethinktoosmall.Likethefrogatthebottomofthewell.Hethinkstheskyisonlyasbigasthetopofthewell.Ifhesurfaced,hewouldhaveanentirelydifferentview.”—MaoZedongQuotationsonThinkingBackgroundInformation•Author•RodinandtheThinker•TermsinthetextI.Author----WilliamGoldingSirWilliamGeraldGolding(September19,1911—June19,1993)wasanEnglishnovelist,poetandwinnerof1983NobelLaureateinLiterature.II.RodinandthethinkerII.RodinandthethinkerRodin,Auguste(1840-1917).TheFrenchartistAugusteRodinhadaprofoundinfluenceon20th-centurysculpture.Hisworksaredistinguishedbytheirstunningstrengthandrealism.Rodinrefusedtoignorethenegativeaspectsofhumanity,andhisworksconfrontdistressandmoralweaknessaswellaspassionandbeauty.TheKissTheAgeofBronzeGrammarSchool(British)itreferstoaschoolforchildrenover11whoareacademicallybright;(American)old-fashioned,usedtomeananelementaryschool.VenusdeMilo(about150—100BC)ItisconsideredbymanyarthistorianstobetheidealofHellenisticbeauty.Itwascarvedoutofmarbleandstandsapproximately205cm(6ft10in)high.III.MoreTermsfromtheTextGandhi(1869-1948)andNehru(1889-1964)LeadersoftheFree-IndiaMovementwhichaimedatwinningnationalindependenceforIndiathroughnon-violent,civil-disobediencemeans.TheLeagueofNations国联ThepredecessorofUN,proposedbytheUSafterWWIItomaintainworldpeace,butwassoondisbandedduetotherefusaloftheUStoparticipate.Reference:SeeNote4and5III.MoreTermsfromtheTextTextAppreciationI.TextAnalysisThinkingisnotjustforprofessionalthinkerslikephilosophers.Itissomethingalleducatedpeopleshouldenjoydoing,anditisconsideredoneofthemostpreciousqualitiesinyoungscholarsforthehealthymentaldevelopment.ThemePart1(Paras.1—24)about:Part2(Paras.25—29)about:Part3(Paras.30—35)about:I.TextAnalysisStructureHowthesubjectofthinkingwasfirstbroughtuptotheauthorandhisunderstandingofthenatureof“grade-threethinking”Theauthor’sanalysisofthenatureof“grade-twothinking”Theauthor’sunderstandingofthe“grade-onethinking”andhisdesireforitI.TextAnalysis-GeneralQuestionsTheyrepresentedthewholeoflife.Theleopardstoodforallanimalneedsordesires;VenusstoodforloveandtheThinkerstoodforthinkingasauniquelyhumanfeature.Ahumorousandsarcasticeffecthasbeenachievedbytheauthor’sdescriptionofthestatuettes,whichestablishedabackgroundtosupporthislateranalysisofthreegradesofthinkingandsomehumannatures.①Question:Whatdidthestatuettesrepresent?②Question:Howwerethecharactersdescribed?Headmaster:nothinghumaninhiseyes,nopossibilityofcommunication(didnotunderstandhisstudents)Me,theboy:delinquent,notintegrated,misunderstandingthesymbolicmeaningofthestatuettes,couldn’tthinkMr.Houghton:ruinedbyalcohol,preachinghigh-morallifebutshowinghypocriticalandprejudicednatureApiouslady:whohatedGermanwiththepropositionoflovingenemiesI.TextAnalysis-GeneralQuestionsRuth:foolishargument,illogicalandfledatlastBritishPrimeMinister:talkingaboutthegreatbenefitconferringonIndiabyjailingNehruandGandhiAmericanpoliticians:talkingaboutpeaceandrefusingtojointheLeagueofNationsMe,theauthor:noteasilystampede,detectcontradiction;turnedintoaprofessionalthinkerQuestion:Howwerethecharactersdescribed?③I.TextAnalysis-GeneralQuestionsI.TextAnalysis-GeneralAnalysisThesummaryofthecharacteristicsofthethreegradesofthinkingGrade-threeGrade-twoGrade-onecharacteristicsexamplesIgnorance,hypocrisy,prejudice,self-satisfied,contradictionsMr.Houghton,ninetenthsofpeopleDetectingcontradictions;donotstampedeeasily;lagbehind,awithdrawal,destroybutnotcreatecynicsTofindoutwhatistruth,basedonalogicalmoralsystemfewandfarbetweenthinking,…1.Whatdoestheauthormeanwhenhesays“…Idroppedmyhobbyandturnedprofessional”?•2.Whyistheauthormuchmoreconclusiveandinformativeaboutgrade-threeandgrade-twothinkingthanaboutgrade-one?I.TextAnalysisFurtherQuestionsonAppreciationII.WritingDevicesMetonymy（转喻）Inmetonymy,anideaisevokedornamedbymeansoftermdesignatingsomeassociatednotion.“It”standsfor“thought”ingrammar,butactuallyreferstoMr.Houghton,anditisvulgartorefertoagirlasaskirt.Itwilllectureondisinterestedpuritywhileitsneckisbeingremorselesslytwistedtowardaskirt.(Para.23)Mr.HoughtongirlsII.WritingDevicesTheburglarwasinSally’smindalldaylong.(burglar=someideaoftheburglar)•Democracyfavorsthevoteratherthanthebullet.(Vote=election,bullet=militarysolutions)•“Politicalpowergrowsoutofthebarrelofagun.”