F.-Scott-Fitzgerald-美国文学菲斯杰拉德

F.ScottFitzgerald斯科特▪菲茨杰拉德•FrancisScottKeyFitzgerald(September24,1896–December21,1940),knownprofessionallyasF.ScottFitzgerald,wasanAmericannovelistandshortstorywriter,whoseworksillustratetheJazzAge.Whileheachievedlimitedsuccessinhislifetime,heisnowwidelyregardedasoneofthegreatestAmericanwritersofthe20thcentury.FitzgeraldisconsideredamemberoftheLostGenerationofthe1920s.Hefinishedfournovels:ThisSideofParadise,TheBeautifulandDamned,TheGreatGatsby,andTenderIstheNight.Afifth,unfinishednovel,TheLastTycoon,waspublishedposthumously.Fitzgeraldalsoauthored4collectionsofshortstories,aswellas164shortstoriesinmagazinesduringhislifetime.•LifeandCareer•PrimaryWorks•FitzgeraldandtheJazzAge•TheAmericanDream•WritingStyleOutline•BorninSt.Paul,MinnesotaonSeptember24,1896•HadanexpensiveeducationinprivateschoolsatPrinceton.•Duetoillnessandneglectofacademicstudy,helefttheuniversityin1917withoutgraduation.Lifeandcareer•MarriedZeldaSayre,whoexertedastronginfluenceonhisliterarycareerandhispersonallife.Shewastheprototypeofaseriesofrich,beautifulwomenwhofigureprominentlyinhisfiction.•Theyoungcouplefrequentlywentabroadandlivedextravagantlyaluxuriouslife.•Tokeepearningenoughmoney,Fitzgeraldwroteshortstoriesandnovelsatarapidspeed.•The1930sbroughtrelentlessdeclineforFitzgeraldwithaseriesofmisfortunes:hisreputationdeclined,hiswealthfell,hishealthfailed.•Zeldahadsufferedfromsomeseriousmentalbreakdownswhichconfinedherinasanitarium(疗养院)fortherestofherlife.•Alcoholism,lonelinessanddespaircombinedtoruinFitzgerald.Hediedin1940ofaheartattack.Keyworks•novels•ThisSideofParadise《天堂的另一面》:Hisfirstnovel.Itwonforhimwealthandfame.•TheBeautifulandDamned《漂亮冤家》又名《美丽与毁灭》•TheGreatGatsby《了不起的盖茨比/长岛春梦》:Hismasterpiece.ItmadehimoneofthegreatestAmericannovelists.•TenderistheNight《夜色温柔》.•TheLastTycoon《最后的大亨》:Hislastnovel.Itremainsunfinished.Primaryworks•shortstories:•FlappersandPhilosophers(1921)《时髦女和哲学家》•TalesoftheJazzAge(1922)《爵士时代的故事》•AlltheSadYoungMan(1926)《一代悲哀的年轻人》•TapsatReveille(1935)《早晨的起床号》•BabylonRevisited（1931）《重访巴比伦》艺术特色•纵观菲茨杰拉德的小说，他描写的都是当时美国青年人的精神状态和社会生活。在他的小说中，所有的主人公都是风华正茂，正是大有作为的壮志青年，可是随着情节的发展，这些青年充满激情的个人奋斗并没能实现他们梦想中的成功和财富，他们无一不遭受到命运的捉弄，往往在经历了残酷而虚假的现实冲击后，都彻底丧失了自我，最终一步步走向了毁灭的道路。•菲茨杰拉德的小说创作是一种有自传倾向的自我体验式写作。他以自己的现实生活为基础，通过自己的小说创作细致地描画自己所处的时代和社会风貌，从而真实地再现了“爵士时代。菲茨杰拉德的大部分小说都是以他自己的生活经历为蓝本，或是出于他个人对人生的情感体验，或是包含了他自己人生经历中的一部分。在他的小说中，充满了他个人的自我意识和思想情感。FitzgeraldandtheJazzAge•TheJazzAge:Itreferstothe1920s,atimemarkedbyfrivolity(轻松快活),carelessness,hedonism(享乐主义)andexcitementinthelifeoftheflamingyouth.Fitzgeraldislargelyresponsibleforthetermandmanyofhisliteraryworksportrayit.TheJazzAgeisbroughtvividlytolifeinTheGreatGatsby.FitzgeraldandtheJazzAge•MostcriticshaveagreedthatFitzgeraldisbothaninsiderandanoutsideroftheJazzAge.Fitzgerald'sfictionalworldisthebestembodimentofthespiritoftheJazzAge,inwhichheshowsaparticularinterestintheupper-classsociety,especiallytheupper-classyoungpeople.FitzgeraldandtheAmericanDream•theAmericanDreamisapopularbeliefthatpeoplecanachievesuccess,whetheritiswealth,fameorlovethroughhonesthardworkinginanewworldofliberty,equality,chancesandpromises.Fitzgerald'sfictionsoftendealwiththebankruptcyoftheAmericanDream,whichishighlightedbythedisillusionmentoftheprotagonists'personaldreamsduetotheclashesbetweentheirromanticvisionoflifeandthesordidreality.•Fitzgerald‘sownlifewasamirrorofthe1920s.Hewasthevictimofhis“AmericanDream.”Hewasfascinatedwithmaterialwealthononehandbywritinghardtoaccumulatewealthtoliveanextravagant(铺张的)life,yetwasbewildered(使迷惑)withthewealthontheother,fullyawareoftheunderlyingspiritualdisorientationandmoraldecay.Finallyinhislife,alcoholism,lonelinessanddespaircombinedtoruinhim.FitzgeraldandtheAmericanDreamWritingStyle•FitzgeraldisconsideredasagreatstylistinAmericanliterature.Hisstyle,closelyrelatedtohisthemes,isexplicitandchilly.Hisaccuratedialogues,hiscarefulobservationofmannerism,styles,modelsandattitudesprovidethereaderwithavividsenseofreality.Heusedthescenicmethodinhischapters,eachoneofwhichconsistsofoneormoredramaticscenes,sometimeswithinterveningpassagesofnarration,leavingthetediousprocessoftransitiontothereaders‘imagination.•Fitzgerald‘sproseissmooth,sensitive,andcompletelyoriginalinitsdictionandmetaphors.(1)Therewasmusicfrommyneighbor’shousethroughthesummernights.Inhisbluegardensmenandgirlscameandwentlikemothsamongthewhisperingsandthechampagneandthestars.AthightideintheafternoonIwatchedhisguestsdivingfromthetowerofhisraft,ortakingthesunonthehotsandofhisbeachwhilehistwomotor-boatsslitthewatersoftheSound,drawingaquaplanesovercataractsoffoam.•OnweekendshisRolls-Roycebecameanomnibus,bearingpartiestoandfromthecitybetweennineinthemorningandlongpastmidnight,whilehisstationwagonscamperedlikeabriskyellowbugtomeetalltrains.AndonMondayseightservants,includinganextragardener,toiledalldaywithmopsandscrubbing-brushesandhammersandgarden-shears,repairingtheravagesofthenightbefore.—TheGreatGatsby•整个夏天的夜晚都有音乐声从我邻居家传过来。在他蔚蓝的花园里，男男女女像飞蛾一般在笑语、香摈和繁垦中间来来往往。下午涨潮的时候，我看着他的客人从他的木筏的跳台上跳水，或是躺在他私人海滩的热沙上晒太阳，同时他的两艘小汽艇破浪前进，拖着滑水板驶过翻腾的浪花。每逢周末，他的罗尔斯一罗伊斯轿车就成了公共