What--Makes-a-Leader

WrittenbyMichaelKordaMichaelKordaBorn:8,oct,1933Birthplace:London,EnglandOccupation:Publisher,NovelistNationality:UnitedStatesExecutivesummary:Editor-in-ChiefofSimon&SchusterMilitaryservice:RAF(1952-54)Books:MaleChauvinism:HowItWorks(1973)Power:HowtoGetIt,HowtoUseIt(1975)Success!(1977)CharmedLives:AFamilyRomance(1979)WorldlyGoods(1982)Queenie(1985,novel)TheFortune(1989)MantoMan:SurvivingProstateCancer(1997,memoir)AnotherLife:AMemoirofOtherPeople(2000)CountryMatters(2001)MichaelKordahasbeentheeditor-in-chiefatSimon&Schusterforover40years.Heisalsoanaccomplishedandbest-sellingauthor.Mainidea•Theleadermustappearonthesceneatamomentwhenpeoplearelookingforleadership.•Greatleadersarealmostalwaysgreatsimplifiers.•Leadersmusthavebigger-than-life,commandingfeaturesforpeopletoremember.•Leadersmustbeabletodosomethingmostofuscan’t.•Leadersmustknowhowtousepowerandhaveawayofshowinghedoes.•Aleadershouldknowtoappearrelaxedandconfident.•Theleaderfollows,thoughastepaside.•Aleaderridesthewaves,movesthetides,andunderstandsthedeepestyearningsofhispeople.•Agreatleadermusthaveinfectiousoptimism.•Agreatleadermusttransformourneedsandfearsintocoherentpoliciesandprogress.•Heis,afterall,merelythesumofus.MainideaVocabulary•ambivalent[æm'bɪvələnt]adj.对某物、某人或某境况具有或显示矛盾情感的Imusthaveacquiredambivalentattitudetowardswomenfromher.我对妇女的矛盾态度一定是从她那里学来的。ambivalencen.矛盾情绪；矛盾心理摇摆；犹豫;举棋不定ambivalentlyadv.Vocabulary•eloquent['eləkwənt]adj.1.雄辩的,有口才的,流利的Thedefencelawyermadeaneloquentpleaforhisclient'sacquittal.被告方的律师为委托人的无罪开释作了有说服力的辩护。Herenthusiasmmadehereloquent.她的热情使她能言善辩。2.清楚表现出来,传神的Theseruinsareaneloquentreminderofthehorrorsofwar.这些废墟形象地提醒人们不要忘记战争的恐怖。eloquentlyadv.Vocabulary•statusquo现状•shakethingsup打散后重新组合勇于改革•Leadershipisasmuchasaquestionoftimingatanyelse.领导能力的展现也需要把握时机。•Hemustofferasimple,eloquentmessage.他传达给民众的信息一定要简单明了、令人信服。•“blood,toil,tearsandsweat”流血流泪、辛苦劳累•“theonlythingtofearisfearitself”我们唯一感到害怕的事情便是害怕本身。•Leninpromisedthewar-wearyRussianspeace,landandbread.列宁向厌恶战争的俄国人保证获得和平、土地和面包。•Straightforwardbutpotentmessages.这些表示诚实坦率，让人信服。Vocabulary•Straightforward[streit'fɔ:wəd]adj.1.(人或行为)坦诚的；坦率的；率直的Shegavemeastraightfor-wardanswer.她坦率地回答了我。2.简单的；易懂的；不复杂的Thisisastraightforwardtask.这是一项很容易完成的任务。straightforwardlyadv.straightforwardnessn.Vocabulary•potent['pəutənt]adj.1.(药等)效力大的;威力大的Themedicinehadapotenteffectonyourdisease.这药物对你的病疗效很大。2.强有力的;有说服力的Hewasonceapotentruler.他曾经是有权势的统治者。potencen.potentlyadv.Vocabulary•biggerthanlife大名鼎鼎的；名声响亮的•lobe[ləʊb]n.耳垂；(器官的)叶;肺叶,脑叶•broadgrin咧嘴大笑broadinthebeam臀部肥大inbroaddaylight大白天，光天化日grinandbearit苦笑忍受；逆来顺受•stovepipe['stəʊv,paɪp]n.火炉的烟囱,大礼帽Vocabulary•cerebral['serəbrəl]adj.1.大脑的,脑的cerebralactivity脑的活动2.要运用智力或理智的;诉诸理性的;非感情方面的cerebrally•magnify['mæɡnifai]vt.1.放大;扩大;增强Amicroscopemagnifiesbacteriasothattheycanbeseenandstudied.显微镜把细菌放大,使人们得以看见并研究它。2.夸大;夸张Hetriedtomagnifythepartheplayedinthebattle.他试图夸大他在战斗中发挥的作用。3.夸奖;赞美MysouldoesmagnifytheLord.我的心确实是赞美上帝的。magnifier•Eventelevision,whichcomesinforalotofknocksasanimage-builderthatmagnifiesfromoversubstance,doesn’taltogetherobscurethequalitiesofleadershipwerecognize,ortheirabsence.电视能塑造人的形象，因其过于美化候选人的外表却忽略他们的素质而饱受非议，但电视并不能掩盖领袖是否具备大家公认的领导才能。VocabularyVocabulary•substance['sʌbstəns]n.1.物质,物品,东西Soilconsistsofvariouschemicalsubstances.土壤由各种化学物质组成。2.主旨,要旨,要点,实质,基本内容Thesubstanceoftheirtalkiscondensedintoaparagraph.他们谈话的要旨被压缩成一段话。3.实质,本体Isthereanysubstancetotheirclaim?他们的要求有实质内容吗?常用词组insubstance基本上，大体上Basicrightsareequivalentinsubstancetohumanrights.基本权利大体上等同于人权。•infatuation[ɪˌfætʃu:ˈeɪʃən]n.热恋,迷恋Sherealizedthatshefeltfearaswellasinfatuationforthisman.她意识到自己对这个男人又害怕又迷恋。•project[prə'dʒekt]vt.1.计划；规划；设计；打算Canyouprojectanewworkingschemeforus?你能为我们设计一个新的工作计划吗?2.投射；投掷；发射；喷射Ihadnoscreen,soIprojectedtheslidesontoanoldwhitesheet.我没有幕布,所以我把幻灯片投射到一块旧的白床单上。3.使(观念等)心中形成；使(思想、感情等)形象化；把(自己的感情、思想等)投射给他人Don'tprojectyourguiltfeelingsontome!别把你自己内疚的感情往我身上搬。Vocabulary•Hehastobeabletoprojectfirmness—nophysicalclumsiness,norapideyemovements.他必须展现自己坚定刚毅的能力—没有笨拙的身体，没有闪烁的眼神。•thesicklygrinthatpassesforgoodhumor为了幽默而故作欢颜•climboutoftheDepression摆脱大萧条VocabularyVocabulary•clumsinessn.笨拙,简陋,丑陋clumsilyclumsy•clumsy['klʌmzi]adj.1.笨拙的,笨重的2.笨拙的；复杂难懂的，使用不便的；得罪人的，不得体的；难以移动的•affabilityn.和蔼,亲切affableaffably•affable['æfəbəl]adj.1.友善的;慈祥的Grannysmiledanaffablesmile.奶奶慈祥地笑了笑。2.平易近人的,和蔼的Hewasaffableinmanner.他态度和蔼。•Theleaderfollows,thoughastepaside.领袖随众而行，哪怕只领先一步。•Aleaderridesthewaves,movesthetides,andunderstandsthedeepestyearningsofhispeople.领袖是时代的弄潮儿，能顺应时代潮流，理解人们的深切愿望。•withinone’sgrasp唾手可得VocabularyVocabulary•dignify['dɪgnə,faɪ]vt.1.使显得威严,使高贵,使显赫Healwaysstrikessuchadignifiedposebeforehisgirlfriend.他总是在女友面前摆出这种庄严的姿态。2.夸大Don’ttrytodignifythosefewhairsonyourfacebycallingthemabeard!别想把你脸上那几根毛说成是胡子来美化它！•rallyingcry战斗口号•humiliating[hju(:)ˈmɪlɪeɪtɪŋ]adj.丢脸的,羞辱性的Thebattleendedinahumiliatingdefeat.这场战役以耻辱的失败告终。Vocabulary•scandal['skændl]n.1.丑事,丑闻It'sascandalforacityofficialtotaketaxmoneyforhisownuse.一个市政官员将税款挪为己用是一则丑闻。2.流言蜚语;闲话;诽谤Iheardabitofscandalaboutyourfriend.我听到一点儿关于你朋友的流言。3.公愤;反感Histheftfromtheshopcausedscandalinthevillage.他因偷商店