儒家思想大学英语课件

儒家思想ChinesephilosophyConfucianism儒家【【IntroductionRepresentativesofconfucianismConfucianclassicsCoreideologyofconfucianIntroduction儒家文化ConfucianismisthemostinfluentialtheoryinChinaanditcontinuestoeffectmostChinesenowadays.ItisalsothelargestChineseschoolofthoughts,andthemainstreamconsciousnessofancientChina.ConfucianismwasfoundedbyConfucius,athinkerinthelateSpringandAutumnPeriod,afternearly1700yearsinthehistoryofChinesecivilization.代表人物REPRESENTATIVESConfucius,respectedasthesageofConfucius,（孔圣人）whosequotationswerecompiledasConfucianclassicswhichiscalledtheAnalectsofConfucius.AndhewasthefirstpersontoestablishConfucianism.Heisafamousphilosopher,politicianandeducatorintheWarringStatesPeriod,andheisalsooneoftherepresentativesofConfucianism,rankedsecondonlytoConfucius,andwasalsocalled“ConfuciusandMencius”.(孔孟)Publicizing“benevolentgovernment”(仁政)wastheearliestideatoputforwardtheideaof“thepeoplearenobleandthemonarchislight”.（民贵君轻）XunzidevelopedConfucianism,advocatedtheeviltheoryofhumannature（性恶论）,advocatedtheevilofhumannature,deniedtheinnatemoralconcepts,andemphasizedtheinfluenceofacquiredenvironmentandeducationonhumanbeings.ThefamousNeo-Confucianist(理学家),thinker,philosopher,educatorandpoetoftheSongDynasty,therepresentativefigureoftheFujianSchool（闽南派）andthemasterofConfucianism,theBuddhawascalledZhuZi.第三部分ConfucianclassicsTheFourBooksrefertotheUniversities,theDoctrineoftheMean,theAnalectsofConfuciusandMencius.FiveClassicsgenerallyrefertoBookofSongs,Shangshu,BookofRites（礼记）,ZhouyiandSpringandAutumn.TheAnalectsofConfuciusisacollectionofquotationsfromConfuciusandhisstudents.HewhobyreviewingtheoldcangainknowledgeofthenewandisfittobeateacherWhatyoudonotwantdonetoyourself,donotdotoothers.Thefavorableopportunitydoesnothelpasmuchasthefavorableterrain;thefavorableterraindoesnothelpasmuchasthegroupmorale（士气）.枝大学之道，在明明德，在亲民，在止于至善。UniversitiestheDoctrineoftheMean好学近乎知，力行近乎仁，知耻近乎勇。TheBookofSongsistheearliestcollectionofancientChinesepoetry.ShiSanBai,tocapitall,thinkofhavingnoevil.昔我往矣，杨柳依依。今我来思，雨雪霏霏。乾三连，坤三断。震仰盂，艮覆碗。离中虚，坎中满。兑上缺，巽下断。宇宙观上：乾为天，坤为地，震为雷，巽为风，坎为水，离为火，艮为山，兑为泽。家庭观上：乾父也，坤母也，震长男，巽长女，坎中男，离中女，艮少男，兑少女。动物观上：乾为马，坤为牛，震为龙，巽为鸡，坎为豕，离为雉，艮为狗，兑为羊。身体观上：乾为首，坤为腹，震为足，巽为股，坎为耳，离为目，艮为手，兑为口。运动观上：乾健也，坤顺也，震动也，巽入也，坎陷也，离丽也，艮止也，兑说也。权力观上：乾为君，坤为众。EightDiagrams(八卦图)仁义礼智信BenevolenceRighteousnessProprietyWisdomFidelitythefiveconstantvirtuesmoralcodeItmanifestsitselfintheinnermindinloveandcompassionforpeopleandinavoidingharmorenvytowardanyone.Itdemandsrationalaction,self-restrainttoresisttemptationandthefortitudetodoone’sduty.Thecontentsofproprietyincludeloyalty,filialpiety,fraternalduty,chastity,respect,etcWisdomistheinnateknowledgebywhichonejudgesrightandwrong,goodandevil.Fidelityishonesty.Thismeansthat,externally,one’sdeedsmatchone’swords;andthatinternallyone’swordsandmindareinunison.ConfucianculturestrengthensthecharacteroftheChinesenationConfuciancultureadvocatesthevalueofrighteousnessfirst,whichmakesChinesecultureemphasizecollectiveinterestsmore.Confucianismemphasizesself-cultivationandmorality,whichimprovesthespiritualrealmofChinesepeople.ConfucianismattachesimportancetorealityandmakesChineseculturemorerationalWhyShouldWeRespectConfucianism谢谢欣赏Thanksforwatching