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Safetyawarenesssharing工艺安全完整性管理ProcessSafetyIntegrityManagement(PSIM)一、背景,PSIM事故介绍二、什么是工艺安全?三、工艺安全完整性管理(PSIM)的目的四、怎样进行PSIM,PSIM的标准五、GDLNG怎样进行PSIM。六、回顾复习七、Sample、Q&A培训内容Purpose目的•TogiveyouanappreciationoftheimportanceofsafetyinthechemicalindustryandtoshowhowDPLNGmanagesprocesssafety.介绍工艺安全的重要性及DPLNG如何管理工艺安全Background背景•Theconceptofmanagingindustrialprocessesinasafemannerhasbeenwithusthroughthebetterpartofthelastcentury.However,duringthelate1970’s,1980’sandtheearly1990’s,起源于上世纪70年代•anincreaseinthenumberandmagnitudeofcatastrophicchemical,petrochemicalandoilindustryincidentsresultedinanevengreateremphasisondevelopingeffectivesafetyprograms.随着工业化的加速,灾难性的事故层出不穷PSMIntroductionSinceitsbeginningsattheturnofthecentury,thechemicalindustryhasstruggledtocontrolthehazardsinherentinthemanufacturingprocess.自1900年前后起,石油化学行业一直努力控制生产工艺中的危险。The1947TexasCityDisaster1947年得克萨斯灾难OnApril16,1947theshipGrandcamples-bainexplodedintheTexasCityharbor.Approximately12hoursaftertheGrandcampexplodedasecondship,theHighFlyer,caughtfireandexploded.Theresultingexplosionsandfirescausedwidespreaddestructionofthesurroundingmanufacturingplantsandcommunity.Thisevent,thatoccurredin1947,isstillthelargestchemicaldisasterinU.S.history.Thefollowingareafewpicturesofthedevastationthisdisastercaused.1947年4月16日,GRANDCAMPLES-BAIN轮在得克萨斯港爆炸。约12小时后,“高飞者”轮因之着火爆炸。爆炸和大火使得周围工厂和社区大面积毁损。这起事故至今仍然是美国历史上最大的化学品灾难。•ThepictureshowsthedamagecausedbytheTexasCityfireof1947andtheremainsoftheMonsantoplant.Seventy-twoemployeesdiedinstantlyandninety-fivewerestillmissingaweeklater.Twenty-twoofthetwenty-fourchemiststhatmonitoredproductionwerekilledintheexplosion.•Pleasenotethelocationsofthetwoships.TheGrandcampthatcausedtheinitialexplosionandfireandtheHighFlyerwhichexplodedlaterduetoburningsulfurinacargohold.工厂的72位雇员当场死亡、95位一周后仍然下落不明。24位化学师中,当时正在监控生产的22位在爆炸中丧生。请注意两条轮船的位置。Bhopal,India印度泊帕尔•December3,1984•Aleakof200tonsofmethylisocyanateatUnionCarbide’sfacilityinBhopalkilledanestimated2,000peopleandinjuredasmanyas100,000others.•1984年12月3日•联合碳化物厂200吨异氰酸甲酯溢漏,估计有2,000人丧生、另有100,000人受伤。Flixborough(England)OnJune1,1974avaporcloudexplosiondestroyedtheNyprocyclohexaneoxidationplantatFlixborough,Englandkilling28people.Otherplantsonthesitewereseriouslydamagedordestroyedandthesitepresentedasceneofutterdevastation.Theaccidentwastracedtoapoorlyqualifieddesignteamthatwereaskedtodesignandinstalltemporarypiping.Shiw:英格兰-环己胺爆炸,死亡28人,爆炸原因:设计不当PiperAlphaShiw:ThePiperAlphawasaNorthSeaoilproductionplatform,死亡167人BPAmericaRefineryExplosionTexasCity,TX,March23,2005Burntvehiclesanddebrisleftbyhydrocarbonvaporexplosionsthatkilled15workersattheBPTexasCityrefineryMarch23.LessonLearningfromincidents从事故中吸取教训•这些事故为什么会发生?Whydiditoccurse?•工艺设计不合理Designedissue•项目建设有缺陷Defectivenessofprojectconstruction•人员的操作不规范Didnotfollowtheprocedure•设备本体有缺陷DefectivenessofEquipments•设备维护保养不适当ImproperEquipmentMaintenance•---e.gPURPOSEOFPSMPURPOSEOFPSM工艺安全管理(PSM)的目的•Prevention,orminimizationoftheconsequences,ofcatastrophicreleasesoftoxic,reactive,flammable,orexplosivechemicals•预防,或最小化具有毒性、反应性、易燃性或爆炸性的化学品释放产生的灾难性后果•Employeesafety(OSHA)–职工安全(OSHA)–Publicandtheenvironmental(EPA)–公众与环境(EPA)•Standardistohelppreventormitigateepisodicchemicalreleasesthatcouldleadtoacatastrophe•标准有助于预防或缓和化学物质释放事件可能导致的灾难性后果REGULATIONS规定•OSHA’sPSMRegulation,29CFR1910.119•OSHA发布的工艺安全管理规定(职业安全与卫生管理局)–Becameeffective5/26/92–1992年5月26日起生效–ImmediatecompliancewasrequiredforallbutPHA–除工艺危害分析外,对其他方面都做了要求•EPA’sRMPRegulation,40CFRPart68•EPA发布的风险管理计划(RMP)规章(美国国家环境保护局)(EPA)–Becameeffective6/20/96–1996年6月20日起生效–Providedathree-yearperiodtocomply–要求遵守三年•Catastrophicreleasemeansamajoruncontrolledemission,fire,orexplosioninvolvingoneormorehighlyhazardouschemicals,thatpresentsseriousdangerto:•灾难性释放指一种或多种高度危险的化学品所引发的不受控制的重大排放事故、火灾或爆炸事故,严重危害:–Employeesintheworkplace–工作场所的职工–Membersofthepublic–群众–Environment–环境Source:29CFR1910.119Publicreceptormeans:公共接受者指:Offsiteresidences厂区外住宅Institutions(e.g.schools,hospitals)机构(例如学校、医院)Industrial,commercial,andofficebuildings工业、商业和办公大楼Parks,orrecreationalareasinhabitedoroccupiedbythepublic公众聚集的公园或休闲场所Environmentalreceptormeans环境接受者指Naturalareassuchasnationalorstateparks,forests,ormonuments自然风景区,比如国家公园、森林或纪念性建筑物Officiallydesignatedwildlifesanctuaries,preserves,refuges,orareas官方指定的野生动物保护区、禁猎区等Nationalwildernessareas国家自然保护区•Theproactiveidentification,evaluationandmitigationorpreventionofchemicalreleases•对化学品释放事先进行鉴定、评价、缓和或预防–Thatcouldoccurasaresultoffailuresinprocess,proceduresorequipment–工艺、规程或设备出现故障时可能发生Source:OSHAPublication3133,ProcessSafetyManagementGuidelinesforCompliance.IntroductionToProcessSafety&ProcessSafetyIntegrityManagement工艺安全与工艺安全完整性管理引言WhenProcessGoesWrong…..当工艺发生异常时……IntroductiontoProcessSafetyManagement,PSM:WHY?•Majorchemicalincidentsinthe70’sand80’s:–Flixborough(UK1974,VCE28killed)–Seveso(Italy1976,reactionrunaway)–Bhopal(India1984,chemicalrelease2,000to14,400killed)–PiperAlpha(NorthSea1988,Hydrocarbongasignition,167killed)工艺安全管理(PSM)引言WHY?为什么?•70年代和80年代发生的重大化学事故–Flixborough(英国,1974年,蒸气云爆炸(VCE),28人死亡)–Seveso(意大利,1976年,反应失控)–Bhop
本文标题:工艺安全完整性管理
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