介词加关系代词引导的定语从句

1由介词+which/whom引导的定语从句例句：1)Haveyoueverdreamedofplayinginfrontofthousandsofpeopleataconcert,atwhicheveryoneisclappingandappreciatingyourmusic?2)Theymaystartasagroupofhigh-schoolstudents,forwhompractisingtheirmusicinsomeone’shouseisthefirststeptofame.3)Latertheymaygiveperformancesinpubsorclubs,forwhichtheyarepaidincash.4)Themusiciansweretoplayjokesoneachotheraswellasplaymusic,mostofwhichwasbasedlooselyontheBeatles.5)However,afterayearorsoinwhichtheybecamemoreseriousabouttheirwork,theMonkeesstartedtoplayandsingtheirownsongslikearealband.6)Theyproducedanewrecordin1996,withwhichtheycelebratedtheirformertimeasarealband.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。例如：Themanwho/whom/thatyouspoketoisateacher.=Themantowhomyouspokeisateacher.一、基本构成1.“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which（指物）或whom(指人)，即：介词+which/whom。（1）Themantowhomyouspokeisateacher.（2）Thecityinwhichshelivesisfaraway.（3）Thelittlegirlisreadingabook,inwhichtherearemanycartoons.注意：当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。22.关系副词when，where，why可用“介词＋which”来代替。关系副词实际上是介词＋先行词。其中when=表时间的介词（如：in，at,on,during等）+which；Where=表地点的介词（如：in，at,on,under等）+which；Why=表原因的介词（如：for）+which(1)当先行词表示时间，定语从句中缺少时间状语时，通常用关系副词when引导，此时也可选用表示时间的介词＋which来代替关系副词when。IstillrememberthedaywhenIcamehere.(ontheday=when)(2)当先行词表示地点，定语从句中缺少地点状语时，通常用关系副词where引导，此时也可选用表示地点的介词＋which来代替关系副词where。ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.(inthehouse=where)(3)当先行词为reason，定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时，通常用关系副词why引导，此时也可以用forwhich来代替关系副词why。Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.(forthereasons=why)注意：1.含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如:lookfor,lookafter,takecareof，payattentionto,lookforwardto等。Thisisthewatch(which/that)Iamlookingfor.2.“介词+关系代词”前还可有some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few等代词或者数词,表示先行词的一部分或全部。Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.二．介词的选择1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。Eg:Isthatthenewspaperforwhichyouoftenwritearticles?3Theschool(which/that)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.=Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.他曾经就读过的学校很出名。2.根据从句中动词与形容词的搭配。ThestudenttowhomIwanttobegratefulisTom.3.根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会：Eg:1949wastheyearinwhichtheP.R.Cwasfounded.4.根据从句的意义来确定介词。Mycomputer,withoutwhichIcan’tplaycomputergames,brokedownyesterday.昨天我的电脑坏了，没有它我不能玩电脑游戏。5.whose可转换为“of+关系代词”型。Theyliveinahouse,whosedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,ofwhichthedooropenstothesouth.Theylivedinahouse,thedoorofwhichopentothesouth.一.填空。1.Thisisthegun____________thehuntershottheantelope.2.Theathletes____________hewillcompetecomefromGreeceandCzechRepublic.3.He’llneverforgettheday__________hewasadmittedtotheOlympicGamesforthefirsttime.4.Themusicians___________wehavegreatinteresttouredEuropewithus.5.Thesungivesusheatandlight,_______whichwecan’tlive.6.I’llneverforgettheday___whichshesaidgood-byetome.7.Whocangivemethereason____whichhehasn’tturnedupyet?8.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson________shecouldturnforhelp.9.Theman__________youshookhandsjustnowisourheadmaster.10.Theroom__________myfamilyliveusedtobeagarage.11.Didyoufindthepen___________Iwrotejustnow?412.Didyoufindthepaper__________Iwrotemyletter?13.Didyoufindthecomposition______Iwrotejustnow?5Keys:1.withwhich2.againstwhom3.onwhich4.inwhom5.without6.on7.for8.towhom9.withwhom10.inwhich11.withwhich12.onwhich13.which