定语从句知识点归纳

1定语从句复习一、语法知识归纳定语从句(AttributiveClause)句子作定语叫做定语从句。定语从句放在先行词之后。Ⅰ定语从句的引导词：关系代词和关系副词。1.关系代词(Relativepronoun)（注意：介词后不用that）Doyoustillrememberthechickenfarm(that)wevisitedthreemonthsago?Iliveinthehousewhosewindowfacesthestreet.(＝Iliveinthehousethewindowofwhichfacesthestreet.)2.关系副词(Relativeadverb)指代范围关系副词成分时间when(=适当介词+which)状语地点where(=适当介词+which)原因why(=for+which)方式Thewaythat/inwhich/省略Wearelivinginanagewhenmanythingsaredoneoncomputer.Ⅱ定语从句的分类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句（一）限制性定语从句的基本特征：限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用，使该词的含义更具体，更明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整。从句与先行词之间没有逗号。Hehastwosonswhoworkinthesamecompany.(Perhapshehasmorethantwosons.)（二）限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法1.that,which当先行词指物，并且关系代词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语时，用which/that引导定语从句。在限制性定语从句中有些情况下只能用关系代词that，不用which。(1)当先行词是不定代词all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone时。Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.(2)当先行词前面被theonly,thevery,any,few,little,no,all等词修饰时。Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.(3)当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatI’veeverseen.(4)当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。ThistrainisthelastthatwillgotoSuzhou.(5)当先行词既有人又有物时。Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?(6)当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。Whoistheboythatwonthegoldmedal?指代范围关系代词成分人who;that主语who;whom;that宾语（可省略）物which;that主语which;that宾语（可省略）whose定语2(7)有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用which，另外一个宜用that。Theysecretlybuiltupasmallfactorywhichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution.(8)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe.2.who,whom当先行词指人，并且关系代词在定语从句中充当主语时，用who/that，不可省略；当先行词指人，并且关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时，用whom/that/who，可以省略。Sheisthegirlwholivesnextdoor.That’sthegirl(whom/that)Iteach.3.whose无论先行词指人还是物，关系代词在定语从句中作定语时，用whose，不可省略。Thisisthescientistwhoseachievementsarewellknown.Thisisthehousewhosewindowbrokelastnight.=Thisisthehouseofwhichthewindowbrokelastnight.=Thisisthehouse,thewindowofwhichbrokelastnight.4.介词+which/whom(1)当介词放在关系代词的前面时，关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人)，关系代词不能省略。Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.注意：在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。Thisisthepen(which/that)I’mlookingfor.这是我在找的笔。（不可以说：ThisisthepenforwhichI’mlooking.）(2)当介词位于定语从句的末尾时，可用that/which(指物)，that/whom/who(指人)作从句中介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。Thisisthehero(that/who/whom)weareproudof.Thisisthepen(that/which)Iwrotetheletterwith.5.asas引导的定语从句常和such,so,thesame,as连用I’llbuythesamedictionaryasyouhave.我要买和你一样的字典。Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.（三）限制性定语从句中关系副词的用法当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词。其中when=表时间的介词(如：in,at,during等)+which；where=表地点的介词(如：in,at,on,under等)+which；why=表原因的介词(如：for)+whichCanyoutellmetheofficewhereheworks?(=inwhich)Doyouknowthereasonwhyheisabsent?(=forwhich)非限制性定语从句（一）非限制性定语从句的基本特点有逗号将主句和从句隔开的定语从句叫非限定性定语从句。非限制性定语从句的作用是用来提供附加的而非必要的信息，只是对先行词作进一步的解释、补充或说明。若去掉此定语从句，整个主句意义很明确，不会引起误解和歧义。3Mymother,whois50thisyear,liveswithmenow.我的母亲50岁了，她现在和我住在一起。注意：非限定性定语从句中不用关系代词that（二）非限制性定语从句中关系代词、关系副词的用法1.在非限制性定语从句中，不可用that引导从句。先行词指物时，只可用which。另外，which不仅仅指代先行词，还可以用来替代主句的整个内容或行为。Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,which,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.2.在非限制性定语从句中，可用“名词/代词+介词(of)+which/whom”的结构。RecentlyIboughtanancientvase,thepriceofwhichwasveryreasonable.3.“复合介词短语+关系代词which/whom”引导的定语从句非限制性定语从句，从句内部常用倒装语序。Helivedinabighouse,infrontofwhichstoodabigtalltree.4.在关系副词where/when前有时可以加介词from,to等。Chinaisthebirthplaceofkites,fromwherekiteflyingspreadtoJapan,Korea,ThailandandIndia.5.关系代词as,which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别(1)as和which都可替代主句的整个内容，而不是主句中的某一个词。as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中，而which引导的非限制性定语从句一般置于主句之后。Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.Asisknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.=Themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth,as/whichisknowntoeverybody.众所周知，月亮每月绕地球一圈。（可转化为名词性从句：Itisknowntoeverybodythatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.或Whatisknowntoeverybodyisthatthemoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.）(2)as多用于下列习惯用语中：asanybodycansee正如人人都能看到的那样；asiswellknown=asisknowntoall众所周知；aswehadexpected正如我们所预料的那样；asoftenhappens正如经常发生的那样；ashasbeensaidbefore如上所述；asismentionedabove正如上面提到的。重点：1.theway作为先行词，在从句中方式状语的时候Idislikethewayinwhich/that/省略youtreathim.2.抽象地点名词：situation,point,position,key,system,stage,case,condition,job,activity,career等+whereOccasion+when