四六级翻译部分四大语法难点评析

四六级翻译部分四大语法难点精评（一）虚拟语气虚拟语气的考点可以归纳如下：1.(should)+动词原形的情形(已考)2.if或butfor等引导的条件句(已考)3.wish,ifonly,itistime…的用法(should)+动词原形的情形1．在动词suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist,require,decide,promise,resolve,argue,maintain,determine,recommend,advise,advocate,persuade等表示“命令”、“建议”、“要求”动词后的宾语从句中。Sheinsistedthattheseats(should)bebookedinadvance.她坚持要预定座位。Headvisedthatthedoctor(should)besentfor.他劝我们派人请医生。注：如果上述动词作其他意思解释，或者说话者认为所讲的事是事实，要用陈述语气。Whenaskedwhyhedeclinedourinvitation,hesuggestedthathewasnotongoodtermswiththedirector.真题重现【CET-4:2006.6】Theprofessorrequiredthat__________________(我们交研究报告)。参考答案：wehandinourresearchreport(s)2．在advice,demand,order,necessity,resolution,decision,proposal,requirement,suggestion,idea,recommendation,request,plan,等名词后的主语从句或表语从句中------上面动词对应的名词Heissuedtheorderthatthetroops(should)withdrawatonce.他命令部队马上撤退。3．在形容词important,necessary,imperative,natural,urgent,essential,appropriate,desirable,vital,advisable,preferable,incredible以及短语nowonder,apity等可以构成“Itis+形容词（名词）+that”句型中。Itisnecessarythatsomeimmediateeffort(should)bemade.必须立即采取行动。真题重现【CET-6:2007.6】Itisabsolutelyunfairthatthesechildren______(被剥夺了受教育的权利).参考答案：Thesechildren(should)bedeprivedoftherighttoreceiveeducation.if或butfor等引导的条件句if引导虚拟条件句的用法条件从句结果主句与现在事实相反动词过去式(be动词用were)would+动词原形与过去事实相反had+过去分词(haddone)wouldhavedone与将来事实相反一般过去时/were+不定式/should+动词原形would(should)+动词原形Hewouldn’tfeelsocoldifhewereindoors.他要是在室内就不会觉得冷了。（与现在事实相反）IamsorryIamverybusyjustnow.IfIhadtime,Iwouldcertainlygotothemovieswithyou.我很抱歉，现在很忙。如果有时间，我肯定陪你去看电影了。（与现在事实相反）Theconferencewouldn’thavebeensosuccessfulifwehadn’tmadeadequatepreparations.如果我们不做充分的准备，会议是不会开得这么成功的。（与过去事实相反）Ifitsnowed/weretosnow/shouldsnowtomorrow,Ishould(would)stayathome.butfor=ifitwerenotfor…/ifithadnotbeenfor…lButforyourhelptheywouldnothavefulfilledthetaskintime.真题重现【CET-4:2006.12】Thevictim_______________________(本来会有机会活下来)ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime参考答案：wouldhavesurvived【CET-6:2007.12】Butformobilephone,____________________.我们的通讯就不可能如此迅速和方便)参考答案：ourcommunicationwouldnothavebeensoefficientandconvenient.【CET-6:2007.1Ifyouhad___________________(听从了我的忠告，你就不会陷入麻烦).参考答案：followedmyadvice/suggestion,youwouldnothavebeenintrouble.Itis(high,about)time…句型要求用虚拟语气谓语动词用过去式，指现在或将来的情况，表示“早该干某事而已经有些晚了”。It’stime_____________________(采取措施)aboutthetrafficproblemdowntown.somethingwasdone/somemeasuresweretaken动词wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气与现在事实相反were或动词的一般过去式与过去事实相反haddone或would/couldhavedone将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望would/should(could,might)+动词原形Iwishshewerehere.她在这里就好了。Iwishyouwouldgowithustomorrow.但愿你明天跟我们一块去。Iwishshehadtakenmyadvice.那时她要是听我的话就好了。ifonly后用虚拟语气（要是…就太好了）现在没有实现的愿望一般过去式过去没有实现的愿望过去完成式Ifonlyshehadknownwheretofindyou.他要是知道到哪里去找你就好了。IfonlyIcouldspeakseveralforeignlanguages!我要是能讲几种外语就好了！（二）从句从句的内容非常庞杂，该专题主要讲解在翻译题可能考察的名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句等。一、名词性从句名词从句是指行使名词功能的从句，包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句以及补语从句。1.主语从句——从句作主语主语从句主要由that,what,whether,how以及其它词引导，还有就是由代词it作形式主语。Thathesurvivedtheaccidentisamiracle.他在这场事故中幸免于难，真是奇迹。特别提示：尽管that并没有实际含义，但是他起到引导主语从句的功能，在这里不可或缺。Whatheenjoysdoingisignoredbysocietyasofnovalueorimportance.他喜欢做的事情被社会所忽视，认为毫无价值，无足轻重。Howhemanagedtofinishthejobisofinteresttousall.他是如何设法完成这项工作的，我们对此都很感兴趣。Whethertheresultswillbevaluabledependspartlyonourattitudestowardsit.结果是否有价值在部分程度上取决于我们对此的态度。特别提示：whether引导的主语从句位于句首时，whether不能由if代替。2.宾语从句——从句作宾语。Thecourtdecisionshaveorderedthatpublicschoolstakethenecessarystepstoprovidethateducation.法院裁决责令公立学校必须采取必要步骤提供这种教育。Ican’tunderstandwhyheavoidedspeakingtome.我不理解他为什么不跟我说话。真题重现【CET-4：2007.12】ManyAmericansliveoncredit,andtheirqualityoflife____________(是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的),nothowmuchtheycanearn.参考答案：ismeasuredbyhowmuchtheycanloan3.表语从句——从句作表语Thenextquestionwehavetodecideiswhenwehavetosubmittheannualreport.我们必须决定的下一个问题是，什么时候我们必须呈交年度报告。【CET-4：2007.12】Inmysixties,onechangeInoticeisthat_____(我比以前更容易累了)。参考答案：Iammorelikelytogettiredthanbefore4.同位语从句——从句作同位语同位语从句在句中作同位语，对被修饰名词的内容予以解释说明。特点：抽象名词在前，表达具体内容的从句在后。常见的包括：agreement,assumption(假设),belief,conclusion,decision,determination,discovery,dream,evidence,explanation,fact,guess,hope,idea,knowledge,likelihood,message,mind,news,notion(观念),opinion,possibility,prediction(预言),proposal,proposition(论点，主张),suggestion,rumor,theory,thought,truthIhavenodoubtthathewillovercomeallhisdifficulties.他会克服一切困难，对此我并不感到怀疑。二、定语从句定语从句是修饰限定名词或代词的从句。掌握定语从句的关键在于把握引导词，既用来引导定语从句的词。定语从句的内容比较庞杂，希望同学们在复习时多总结和归纳。真题重现【CET-4：2007.6】ThepreventandtreatmentofAIDSis________________________(我们可以合作的领域).参考答案：afieldwhere(inwhich)wecancooperate.三、状语从句状语从句分为：时间状语从句、条件状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、方式状语从句、让步状语从句和比较状语从句。真题重现【CET-4：2007.12】Iamgoingtopursuethiscourse,____________(无论我要作出什么样的牺牲)。参考答案：nomatterwhatkindofsacrificeIhavetomake【CET-4：2006.12】Somepsychologistsclaimthatpeople______________(出门在外时可能会感到孤独)参考答案：mayfeellonelywhentheyareawayfromhome【CET-6：2007.12】Humanbehaviorismostlyaproductoflearning,_______________.(而动物的行为主要依靠本能)参考答案：Whileanimalbehaviordependsmainlyontheirinstinct.（三）倒装与强调一、倒装1．当“only+状语”位于句首表示强调时用倒装，如不在句首或虽在句首但不修辞状语时用正常语序。Onlywhenyouhaveobtainedsufficientdatacanyoucometoasoundconcl