墓园挽歌英美诗歌欣赏

ThomasGray•ThomasGraywasborninLondonintoabroker’sfamily.Hegotverygoodschooleducation,firstatEtonandthenatCambridge.HeleftCambridgewithouttakingadegree.•ThomasGraywasoneofthemostimportantpoetsoftheeighteenthcentury.ThisscholarandpoetwasthemostfamousforhispoemElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard.ThomasGraywasbornonDecember26,1716inCornhillsectionofLondon,England.Hewastheonlychildinhisfamily.•In1764hehadanoperationfromwhichheneverrecovered.Attheageoffifty-five,Graysufferedaviolentattackofgout痛风inthestomachandfinallydiedinhisroomonJuly30,1771inCambridge,London.HewasburiedbesidehisbelovedmotheratStokePogeschurchyard,thesceneoftheElegy.StokePogeschurchyard斯托克波吉斯(英国英格兰白金汉郡南部村庄，据信为格雷的《墓园挽歌》的背景地)HetouredaroundEuropewithHoraceWalpole,authoroftheworldfamousGothicnovelTheCastleofOtranto《奥特兰托的古堡》.In1768hewasmadeProfessorofHistoryandModernLanguagesatCambridge.Inhislifetime,hewasknownasoneofthemostlearnedpersonsandaverysuccessfulpoet.Hewasnotsociable.HedeclinedthePoetLaureateshipin1657andledapeacefullifeasascholar.•名作墓园挽歌的作者在所有早期的浪漫主义诗人中,学识最为渊博,性格也最为通达.年青时,他体质非常孱弱,是他们家十二个孩子中惟一幸存的一位.他的童年很不幸,父亲很粗暴,并且后来他离开他深爱的母亲,不幸的童年使他的一生在忧郁中度过,在他的所有诗作中都可看到这种伤感风格.•墓园挽歌弥漫着淡淡的忧伤,它是早期浪漫主义诗歌的标志,是那个时代最完美的诗,它属于那个时代.读弥尔顿的深思的人和格雷的挽歌就等于看到了占据英国诗人思想一个多世纪的”忧伤文学”的开端和完美阶段.CommentsonGray•Gray’sliteraryoutputwassmall.Hewroteslowlyandcarefully.Hispoemsarecharacterizedbyanexquisitesenseofform.•HismasterpieceElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyardonceandforallestablishedhisfameastheleaderofsentimentalistpoetryandthespokesmanoftheGraveyardSchool.Whatisanelegy?•Alyricpoemlamentingthedeathofanindividual.Itisusuallyformalinlanguageandstructure,andsolemnorevenmelancholyintone.•Whatisthepoem’sstanzaform?•Quatrain四行诗•Whatistherhymeschemeoftheelegy?•abab(thefirstlinerhymeswiththethirdline,andthesecondlinerhymeswiththefourthline)•Whatisthemeteroftheelegy?•Iambicpentameter.(eachlinehastensyllables,anunstressedsyllableisfollowedbyastressedsyllable;itisiambic.Eachlinehasfivefeet.)•Whatistherhythmlikeintheelegy?•Therhythmoftheelegyisveryslow.•Howisthe“slowness”isrealized?•Thepoetusedmanydiphthongs双元音andlongvowels.•不妨把挽歌的前8行重复朗读几遍，就可以感受到作者高超的诗艺了。诗人使用抑扬格五音步隔行押韵，节奏舒缓语调肃穆而哀思缠绵，为英语挽歌树立了四行体（elegiacquatrain）的典范。以前8行为例，有声“L”子音重复了23次，长母“O”音重复了近10遍，再加上其它双元音和长元音的大量反复，交叉营造出一种沉寂悲凉的气氛，非常切合挽歌哀缓的主题，是以令人百读不厌。•Whatisthethematicmatteroftheelegy?•Thethematicmatterisweighty严肃的.Itisthepoet’smeditationuponthelivesofthecommonpeoplewhowereburiedinthecountrychurchyard.Heshowedhisgreatsympathyforthepoor,thelowlyandtheunrenownedwhowererejectedbyfate,chanceandthegreatones.Hestressedthefactthatdeathwasinevitableandthateven“thepathsofgloryleadbuttothegrave.”荣耀之路终归通向坟墓ElegyWritteninacountryChurchyard墓园挽歌•格雷最著名的诗，全诗128行。1751年发表后立即获得成功。这是一首用古典措辞的庄严挽歌，赞扬微贱和默默无闻的纯朴农民的坟墓。它的主题是：人不分穷富“终将进入坟墓”，虽然这已是老生常谈，但是他提出他不仅哀悼“村中粗野的祖先”，而且哀悼包括诗人在内的所有人的死，这就使诗篇具有普遍吸引力。这首诗成为浪漫主义诗歌的先声，而在艺术技巧上达到古典主义诗艺的完美境界。Whatisthestructureoftheelegy?•Theelegyfallsnaturallyintosevenparts:•Part1:stanza1–4:adescriptionofthecountrysceneryattwilight;•Part2:stanza5–7:thelifeoftheplowmanbeforehisdeath;•Part3:stanza8–11:thesatireonthefameandfortuneofthegreatones;•Part4:12–19:defenseontheundisplayedtalentandkindnature;includingthefamousquotation:•Part5:20–23:thedreariness凄凉ofchurchyard;•Part6:24–29:thepoet’simaginationhowpeoplewilldescribehimafterhisdeath;•Part7:30–32:theepitaph碑文thepoetwritesforhimself.StudyofGray“Elegy”•Theme:asentimentalmeditationuponlifeanddeath,esp.ofthecommonruralpeople,whoselife,thoughsimpleandcrude,hasbeenfullofrealhappinessandmeaning•Poeticpattern:quatrainsofiambicpentameterlinesrhymingABAB•Mood:melancholy,calm•《墓园挽歌》之所以是历代注评家青睐的对象。是因为“第一，它凝聚了一个时期中的某种社会情绪；其次，它有比较完整的形式表达了这种情绪，在一定程度上解决了如何革新旧传统的问题，具有较高的艺术成就”。（杨周翰语）ThomasGray托马斯·格雷•InElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard,Grayreflectsondeath,thesorrowsoflife,andthemysteriesofhumanlifewithatouchofhispersonalmelancholy.•Thepoetcomparesthecommonfolkwiththegreatones,wonderingwhatthecommonscouldhaveachievediftheyhadhadthechance.Hereherevealshissympathyforthepoorandtheunknown,butmocks嘲笑thegreatoneswhodespisethepoorandbringhavoc大破坏onthem.ElegyWritteninacountryChurchyard墓园挽歌•格雷最著名的诗，全诗128行。1751年发表后立即获得成功。这是一首用古典措辞的庄严挽歌，赞扬微贱和默默无闻的纯朴农民的坟墓。它的主题是：人不分穷富“终将进入坟墓”，虽然这已是老生常谈，但是他提出他不仅哀悼“村中粗野的祖先”，而且哀悼包括诗人在内的所有人的死，这就使诗篇具有普遍吸引力。这首诗成为浪漫主义诗歌的先声，而在艺术技巧上达到古典主义诗艺的完美境界。“ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard”“墓畔哀歌”byThomasGray1-3ThomasGray’s“Elegy”Thecurfewtollstheknellofpartingday,晚钟响起来一阵阵给白昼报丧，Thelowingherdwindslowlyo’erthelea,牛群在草原上迂回，吼声起落，宵禁钟声,晚八点钟敲,是中世纪遣留下来的风俗。白日已尽,晚钟好像是送别白昼的丧钟。牛鸣牛群grassland草地ThomasGray’s“Elegy”Theplowmanhomewardplodshiswearyway,耕地人累了，回家走，脚步踉跄，Andleavestheworldtodarknessandtome.把整个世界留给了黄昏与我。walkwithheavysteps主谓结构ThomasGray’s“Elegy”Nowfadestheglimmeringlandscapeonthesight,苍茫的景色逐渐从眼前消退，Andalltheairasolemnstillnessholds,一片肃穆的寂静盖遍了尘寰，eyesight视线Stillnessholdstheair.serious;formalweak,faintThomasGray’s“Elegy”Savewherethebeetlewheelshisdroningflight,只听见嗡嗡的甲虫转圈子纷飞，Anddrowsytinklingslullthedistantfolds;昏沉的铃声催眠着远处的羊栏。except飞翔时嗡嗡作响羊颈上的铃声羊栏,羊圈makethesheepquietmoveinacircleThomasGray’s“Elegy”Savethatfromyo