专八英美文学常识整理(综合版)

BritishLiterature1.450-1066OldEnglisha)Beowulf(7th-8th)头韵alliteration1.Paganheroism&Fatalism&Christian2.Poem3.Scene:Denmark2.1066-1485MedievalAgeFrench/Latina)Caedmon(610-680)theearliestEnglishpoet1.Caedmon’sHymnb)Bede(673-735)FatherofHistoriography英国史学之父1.HistoriaEcclesiasticaGentisAnglorumc)KingAlfred(848-901)WessexFatherofEnglishProse1.Anglo-SaxonChronicled)WilliamLangland(1332-1400)1.PiersthePlowmane)GeoffreyChaucer(1343-1400)FatherofEnglishPoetry;1sttouseHeroicCouplet英雄双行体;PoetofWestminsterAbbey1.TheCanterburyTales24stories2.TheRomauntoftheRose翻译的发过作品3.TheLegendofgoodWomen4.TheHouseofFamef)TheGawain-Poet(无名诗人)1.SirGawainandtheGreenKnight(1360-1370)头韵alliterationg)SirThomasMalory(1405-1471)1.LeMorted’Arthur(TheDeathofArthur)(1470)第一部关于亚瑟王传奇故事的英语散文作品3.14th-17thRenaissanceHumanism;Poetry&Poeticdramaa)ThomasMore(1478-1535)Humanist1.Utopiab)PhilipSidney(1554-1586)thecompleteman1.AstrophelandStella被认为是伊丽莎白时代除莎士比亚外最好的十四行诗2.TheDefenceofPoesie(orApologyforPoetry)最早英语散文之一c)EdmundSpenser(1552-1599)Poet’spoet;SpenserianStanza1.TheFaerieQueeneAllegoricalworkdedicatedtoQueenElizabethⅠ2.TheShepherdCalendard)FrancisBacon(1561-1626)唯物主义；现代科学；1stEnglishessayist1.Essays58篇2.TheAdvancementofLearning3.TheNewInstrumente)ChristopherMarlowe(1564-1593)greatestofthepioneersofEnglishDrama;mostgiftedofthe“universitywits”;blankverse1.Tamburlaine人性对权力的渴求2.TeTragicalHistoryofDoctorFaustus人性对知识、幸福的渴求f)WilliamShakespeare(1564-1616)BenJohnson:wasnotofanage,butforalltimei.154sonnets:first126addressedtotheyoungnobleman;later28toDarkLadyii.4tragedies:Hamlet;KingLear;Othello;Macbethiii.Comedies:AMidsummerNight’sDreamAsyoulikeitMerchantofVeniceTwelfthNightMuchAdoAboutNothing无事生非TheTamingoftheShrew驯悍记iv.Tragicomedy:RomeoandJulietv.ChroniclePlay:1.亨利六、四、五、八世2.理查德三、二世3.凯撒4.Cleopatra克莉奥帕特拉vi.MiraclePlay:1.Pericles2.Cymbeline3.TheWinter’sTale4.TheTempestg)BenJohnson(1572-1637)Forerunnerofclassicism;firstPoetLaureate1.EveryManinHisHumour个性互异2.Song:ToCelia英语中最有名的爱情诗之一3.Volpone4.TheAlchemist炼金术士h)JohnDonne(1572-1631)Metaphysicalschoolofpoetry奇特的比喻1.SongsandSonnetsbestknownpoemcollection;Love主题2.TheFlea3.TheSunRising4.TheHolySonnets5.Death,BeNotProud6.GoandCatchaFallingStar7.AValediction:ForbiddingMourningi)JohnMilton(1608-1674)1sttouseblankverseinnon-dramaticworks1.ParadiseLost12books;fromOldTestment;arevoltagainstGod’sauthority2.ParadiseRegainedNewTestment;howChristovercameSanta3.SamsonAgonistespoeticaldrama;BookofJudges士师记4.DefenceoftheEnglishpeople5.SecondDefenceoftheEnglishPeople4.Mid17th-18thNeoclassicalPeriodearly17th:AgeofMilton;late17th:AgeofDrydenPoetryMetaphysicalpoets:17th初受JohnDonne影响a)JohnDryden(1631-1700)FatherofEnglishCriticism、桂冠诗人1.AllforLove2.Alexander’sFeast3.AnEssayofDramaticPoesy使其成为当时最杰出的批评家b)JohnBunyan(1628-1688)英国文学史上首位小说家1.ThePilgrim’sProgress成名作religiousallegory与《神曲》（但丁）、《忏悔录》（奥古斯丁）并称为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作2.TheHolyWar3.ThelifeandDeathofMr.Badmanc)SamuelPepys(1633-1731)17th最伟大的diaristd)DanielDefoe(1660-1731)FatherofEnglishandEuropeannovels现实主义小说代表作家1.RobisonCrusoe2.AjournalofthePlagueyear3.CaptainSingletone)JonathanSwift(1667-1745)以SatiricalProse闻名1.Gulliver’sTravel2.ATaleofaTub3.AModestproposal4.TheDrapier’slettersf)AlexanderPope(1688-1744)英雄双行体登峰造极1.AnEssayonCriticism2.AnEssayonMan3.TheRapeoftheLock4.Odysseyg)SamuelRichardson(1689-1761)founderoftheEnglishdomesticnovel现实主义小说代表作家1.Pamela2.Clarissa3.TheHistoryofSirCharlesGrandisonh)HenryFielding(1707-1754)现实主义小说先驱，现实注意理论奠基人1.Amelia2.TheHistoryofTomJones,aFoundling代表作，获称ProseHomer3.JosephAndrewsi)SamuelJohnson(1709-1784)著名词汇家，第一部英语字典的编者1.ADictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage2.TheVanityofHumanWishes3.Londonj)LawrenceSterne(1713-1768)k)ThomasGray(1716-1771)1.ElegyWritteninacountrychurchyard2.Odeonthespringl)OliverGoldsmith(1730-1774)1.TheVicarofWakefield2.SheStoopstoConquerm)RichardBrinsleySheridan(1751-1816)18世纪最伟大的剧作家1.Theschoolforthescandal2.TheRivals5.Mid-18th–mid-19thRomanticPerioda)RobertBurns(1759-1796)苏格兰最伟大的诗人；前浪漫主义代表诗人1.ARed,RedRose2.AuldLangSyme3.TheTreeofLiberty4.HolyWillie’sPraiser5.MyHeart’sintheHighlands6.AMan’sAManforA’That7.PoemsChieflyintheScottishDialectb)WilliamBlake(1767-1827)19世纪浪漫主义先驱1.SongsofExperience2.SongsofInnocence3.PoeticalSketches4.Themarriageofheavenandhellc)WilliamWordsworth(1770-1850)湖畔诗人最杰出代表；1843桂冠诗人1.LyricalBallads2.TotheCuckoo3.MyHeartleapsupd)WalterScott(1771-1832)FatherofHistoricalNovelEdinburg1.Ivanhoe英国历史为背景2.Waverley3.TheBlackDwarf4.RobRoy苏格兰历史为背景5.OldMortality6.QuentinDurward欧洲其他国家历史为背景7.TheLadyoftheLake8.TheMinstrlsyoftheScottishBordere)SamuelTaylorColeridge(1772-1834)湖畔诗人1.KublaKhan忽必烈汗2.TheRimeoftheAncientMariner3.TheFalloftheBastille4.Christabelf)RobertSouthey(1774-1843)湖畔诗人；1813桂冠诗人1.JoanofArc圣女贞德2.TheBattleofBlenheim3.MyDaysamongtheDeadArePast4.ThalabatheDestroyer5.TheCurseofKehamag)CharlesLamb(1775-1834)散文家1.TalesfromShakespeare2.EssaysofElia3.NewYear’sEve4.ThePraiseofChimneySweepers5.OldChinah)JaneAusten(1775-1817)1.Emma2.SenseandSensibility3.PrideandPrejudice4.MansfieldPark5.Persuasioni)GeorgeGordonByron(1788-1824)1.Cain2.DonJuan3.ChildeHar