2019年大学英语跨文化交际chapter9-Intercultural-Adaptation

大学英语跨文化交际Chapter9InterculturalAdaptationQuestionsforchapter8Whatiscommunicationcontext?Howeffectiveinterculturalcommunicationiscrucialforcross-culturalhealthcarecontext?HowdoyouthinkyourcurrenteducationalsettingembodiesChineseculturalvalues?InterculturalAdaptationAcculturationCultureshockInterculturalAdaptationDefinitionStagesU-CurvePatternW-CurvePatternStrategiesfor:DefinitionModesFactorsSymptomsFormsEffectsAvoidingCultureshockEngaginginInterculturalAdaptationAcculturation（文化适应）referstoanindividual’slearningandadaptingthenormsandvaluesofthenewhostculture.1.Thedefinitionofacculturation2.Modesofacculturationa.Assimilation同化b.Integration融合c.Separationandsegregation分离和隔离d.Marginalization边缘化isaprocessinwhichmembersofanethnicgroupareabsorbedintothedominantculture,losingtheirowncultureintheprocess.isaprocessofdesiringahighlevelofinteractionwiththehostculturewhilemaintainingidentitywiththeirnativeculture.occurswhentheindividualchoosesnottoidentifywithneitherhisorhernativecultureorwiththehostculture.iswhenindividualspreferlowlevelsofinteractionwiththehostculturewhiledesiringacloseconnectionwiththeirnativeculture.Ifsuchseparationisinitiatedandenforcedbythedominantsociety,thisiscalledsegregation.Chapter2CulturalDynamicsAmishpeople阿米什人阿米什人（Amish）是美国和加拿大安大略省的一群基督新教再洗礼派门诺会信徒（又称亚米胥派），以拒绝汽车及电力等现代设施，过着简朴的生活而闻不使用汽车，而使用马车不适用电力崇尚简朴生活，无欲求，不浪费男人单身时剃须，婚后蓄须不让子女接受初中以上的教育不避孕不买任何保险，包括医疗保险男性大多是无领衬衫、吊带裤，女性则穿着没有扣子、用别针之类来固定的蓝色或者黑色长袍，头上一般还要带白色的便帽SegregationintheU.S.AHomeNewSeparationAssimilationMarginalizationSegregationIntegrationFactorsAffectingAcculturationCommunicationHostEnvironmentPredispositionPersonalCommunicationSocialCommunicationHostReceptivityHostConformityPressureEthnicGroupStrengthPreparednessEthnicityPersonality3.FactorsAffectingAcculturationCultureshockreferstothetraumaticexperiencethatanindividualmayencounterwhenenteringadifferentculture.TextB:CultureShock1.Symptomsofcultureshocka.physicalsymptomsb.psychologicalsymptomsChapter2CulturalDynamicsa.physicalsymptomsPhysicalsymptomsareover-concernaboutcleanlinessoffood,bedding,anddishes;extremestressonhealthandsafety;fearorphysicalcontactwithanyoneinthenewcountry;greatconcernoverminorpainsandskineruptions;craving“homecooking”;useofalcoholanddrugs;andadeclineinworkquality.Chapter2CulturalDynamicsHomecookingb.psychologicalsymptomsPsychologicalsymptomsareinsomnia,fatigue,isolationandloneliness,disorientation,frustration,criticismofnewcountry,depression,nervousness,self-doubt,irritability,anger,andemotionalandintellectualwithdrawal.2.Formsofcultureshocka.Languageshockb.Roleshockc.Transitionshockd.CulturalFatiguee.EducationShockf.AdjustmentStressg.CultureDistancea.LanguageShockb.RoleShockRoleshockreferstothefeelingoflossofpersonalstatusinanambiguousnewenvironmentinwhichwemakeeffortstoswitchourroleinordertofitandfunctionwellinthehostculture.c.TransitionshockTransitionshockisusedtodescribethedistressweexperiencewhentryingtocopewiththemultitudeofchangesrequiredbythehostculture.Itissimilartothestateoflosingaclosefamilymember,divorce,orgeographicrelocation.d.CulturefatigueCulturefatigueisusedtodescribethephysicalandpsychologicaldiscomfortsexperiencedbysojournerstryingtoadapttoanewculture.e.EducationshockEducationshockisfrequentlyusedtodescribewhathappenstointernationalstudentswhotrytoadaptthemselvestoacademiclife,especiallywhenthelearningsituationisnewanddistressing.f.AdjustmentstressAdjustmentstressisatermusedtoindicatebodilyphysicaltensionthatsignalsaperson’sreadinesstofacethechallengesofthenewculturalenvironment.g.CulturedistanceCulturedistancereferstothedistancebetweenasojourner’scultureandthehostcultureandsignalsthedegreeofalienation,estrangement,andpsychologicaldistressthesojournerfeelsasaresult.3.EffectsofcultureshockPositiveeffectsNegativeeffectsCultureShockTextC:InterculturalAdaptationInterculturaladaptationrefersbroadlytotheprocessofincreasingourleveloffitnesstomeetthedemandsofanewculturalenvironment.1.Definition2.StagesofInterculturalAdaptationU-curvePatternHoneymoonPeriodCrisisPeriodAdjustmentPeriodBiculturalismPeriodW-curvePattern•reversecultureshockActivity:QuizImaginethatyouaregoingtoalargeurbanAmericanuniversityforgraduatestudy.Toevaluateyouradaptationpotential,rateyourselfontheadaptationchecklist.Giveyourselfascoreforeachitemaccordingtothefollowingscale:1.Poor2.Notasgoodasmostpeople3.Average4.Betterthanmostpeople5.ExcellentAdaptationChecklistTotalscoreBackgroundandPreparationAge—youthisanadvantageEducation—thehigherthebetterUrbanbackground—citydwellersdobetterthanruralresidentsHighlevelofprofessionalskillGeneralknowledgeofthenewculture,itshistory,customarts,etc.Specificknowledgeofthenewsituation;city,university,etc.OralandwrittenfluencyinthelanguageofnewculturePreviousout-of-cultureexperiencesSimilarityofhomeculturetonewculturePersonalityfactorsTendstobeacceptingofdifferentwaysofdoingthingsLikestomeetnewpeopleanddonewthingsStayscalmindifficultsituationsPaysattentiontopeopleandnotjusttotasksCantolerateambiguousoruncertainsituations