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Unit4EarthquakesⅠ.分类记单词快速掌握1.阅读单词——认一认(1)earthquake/ˈɜːθkweIk/n.(2)canal/kəˈnæl/n.(3)track/træk/n.(4)sincerely/sInˈsIəlI/adv.(5)headline/ˈhedlaIn/n.地震运河;水道轨道;足迹;痕迹真诚地;真挚地报刊的大字标题(6)pipe/paIp/n.(7)disaster/dIˈzɑːstə/n.(8)shelter/ˈʃeltə/n.(9)reporter/rIˈpɔːtə/n.管;导管灾难;灾祸掩蔽;掩蔽处;避身处记者2.核心单词——写一写(1)/bɜːst/vi.爆裂;爆发n.突然破裂;爆发(2)/ˈruːIn/n.废墟;毁灭vt.毁灭;使破产(3)/ˈberI/vt.埋葬;掩埋;隐藏(4)/ˈdæmIdʒ/n.&vt.损失;损害(5)/Iˈvent/n.事件;大事(6)/ˈreskjuː/n.&vt.援救;营救burstruinburydamageeventrescue(7)/træp/vt.使陷入困境n.陷阱;困境→(过去式;过去分词)(8)/ˈIndʒə/vt.损害;伤害→adj.受伤的→n.伤口;受伤处(9)/dʒʌdʒ/n.裁判员;法官vt.断定;判断;判决→n.判断,评价(10)/ʃɒk/vt.&vi.(使)震惊;震动n.休克;打击;震惊→adj.令人震惊的→adv.感到震惊的traptrappedinjureinjuredinjuryjudgejudgementshockshockingshocked(11)/Ikˈstriːm/adj.极度的→adv.极其;非常(12)/dIˈstrɔI/vt.破坏;毁坏;消灭→n.破坏→adj.有破坏性的(13)/IˌlekˈtrIsətI/n.电;电学;电流→adj.用电的,导电的→adj.与电有关的(14)/ˈfraItn/vt.使惊吓;吓唬→adj.受惊的;受恐吓的→adj.令人恐惧的(15)/kənˌɡrætʃʊˈleIʃn/n.祝贺;(复数)贺词→vt.祝贺extremeextremelydestroydestructiondestructiveelectricityelectricelectricalfrightenfrightenedfrighteningcongratulationcongratulate(16)/Ikˈspres/vt.表示;表达n.快车;速递→n.表达;表情(17)/ˈsʌfərIŋ/n.苦难;痛苦→vt.&vi.遭受;忍受→n.患者;受害者(18)/dɜːt/n.污垢;泥土→adj.脏的,肮脏的expressexpressionsufferingsuffersuffererdirtdirtyⅡ.填空习短语高效识记1.right立刻;马上2.thinklittle/nothing以为……没什么了不起3.anend结束;终结4.ruins严重受损;破败不堪5.dig掘出;发现6.a(great)number过多;大量的7.beproud以……而自豪awayofatinoutofof8.burst破门而入9.betrapped陷入10.beburied埋头于11.judging从……判断12.cut抄近路穿过;走近路into/inininfromthrough1.“A→A→A”式不规则动词变化①burstburstburst爆裂,爆发②costcostcost花费③putputput放下④hurthurthurt伤害⑤shutshutshut关闭2.合成名词(n.+n.)①earthquaken.地震②bookmarkn.书签③basketballn.篮球④websiten.网站⑤homeworkn.家庭作业1burstvt.&vi.(使)爆裂;(使)裂开;(使)炸开;突然出现;爆发n.突然破裂;爆发[教材原句]Inthecity,thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburst.在市内,有些建筑物的水管爆裂开来。(1)burstin/into突然闯进;破门而入burstout突然迸发;爆发;突然激动地喊叫burstoutdoingsth.=burstinto+n.突然做某事burstwithanger/joy勃然大怒/乐不可支(2)aburstof一阵①Sheburstout(cry)forawhile,andburstinto(laugh)foranothermoment,whichleftusataloss.她一会儿突然哭起来,一会儿又突然笑起来,这使我们一头雾水。②Hewithoutknockingatthedoor,whichmademeveryangry.他没敲门就闯进房间,这使我非常生气。③Therewasaburstoflaughterinthenextroom.隔壁房间里突然爆发出一阵笑声。cryinglaughterburstintotheroom2ruinn.废墟;毁灭vt.毁灭,使破产[教材原句]Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.在可怕的15秒内,一座大城市就沉沦在一片废墟之中。(1)inruins严重受损;破败不堪fallintoruin荒废;败落bring...toruin使……毁灭;使……没落go/cometoruin毁灭;落空(2)ruinone'shealth/fame/future毁坏某人的健康/名誉/前途①[2016·北京阅读理解]WhentheyreturnedtoRockawaythenextday,theyfoundtheirneighborhood.第二天当他们返回长岛时,他们发现周围地区已夷为废墟。②[2016·全国Ⅲ阅读理解]Aheavyrain(ruin)thedinner.一场大雨毁了晚餐。inruinsruined[易混辨析]ruin表示“毁灭、毁坏”,是指在一定过程中逐渐对物体进行破坏,使其毁灭。还可用于抽象意义。可用作名词或动词,其名词复数形式表示“废墟,遗迹”damage表示“损害、损坏”,通常是指对物体的部分损害,往往暗示损坏后价值、效率、功能等可能降低,但这种破坏具有可修复性;也可用于指抽象意义。可用作动词或名词,作名词时与介词to搭配,如causedamagetodestroy表示“毁坏”,通常指彻底毁掉或毁灭,其功能无法或难以修复,也可用于损坏抽象的东西,如希望、计划等③Thepalacewascompletelyratherthanwasslightly,whichcan'tberepaired,onlyleaving.这座宫殿不是轻微地损坏,而是被彻底地破坏了,无法修复,只剩下废墟。destroyeddamagedruins3injurevt.损害;伤害[教材原句]Two-thirdsofthemdiedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake.三分之二的人在地震中丧生或受伤。(1)injuredadj.受伤的theinjured伤员(2)injuryn.伤;伤口;伤害dosb.aninjury/doaninjurytosb.伤害某人①[2016·天津单项填空]Iwaswearingaseatbelt.IfIhadn'tbeenwearingone,Iwould(injure).我正佩戴着安全带。若不佩戴着的话,我可能就受伤了。②Whenwereachedthesceneoftheaccident,weweretoldthatthe(injure)hadbeensenttothenearesthospital.当我们到达事故现场时,我们被告知伤员已经被送往最近的医院。③Dogownersshouldberesponsibleiftheirpetsdoan(injure)tootherpeopleorcausedamagetotheirproperty.如果宠物伤害他人或损害他人的财产,狗的主人应该对此负责。havebeeninjuredinjuredinjury[易混辨析]injure多指意外事故造成的伤害,也可指对名誉、地位的损害wound指人在战斗、攻击中受伤,身体上出现明显的伤口,多指枪伤、刀伤、刺伤等皮肉之伤hurt多指精神上受到伤害,也可指身体上的疼痛harm指身体或精神上的损害或对周围事物的危害。意为“伤害;损害;有害于”。常用短语doharmto“对……有害”④Heretiredfromthearmybecauseofbeinginafight.Soonafter,hemetwithanaccident,wherehewasnotluckilybutwastosomedegree.他因在战斗中受伤退伍了。不久他遭遇了一次车祸,幸运的是他身体没有受伤,但在一定程度上心灵受了创伤。woundedinjuredhurt4shockvt.&vi.(使)震惊;震动n.休克;打击;震惊[教材原句]Peoplewereshocked.人们惊呆了。(1)shockedadj.(主语多为人)感到吃惊的;感到惊讶的beshockedat对……感到吃惊beshockedtodo深感意外地去做(2)shockingadj.(主语多为物)令人气愤的,令人惊讶的(3)Itshockssb.todosth.某事令某人震惊①[朗文辞典]Itwasrealshocktohearthatthefactorywouldhavetoclose.工厂将不得不倒闭的消息真是令人震惊。②Reliefworkers(shock)bywhattheysaw.救援人员被眼前的景象惊呆了。③[朗文辞典]Iwasshocked(hear)ofBrian'sdeath.听到布莱恩去世的噩耗我很震惊。awereshockedtohear④Itshockedmetothinkhowclosewehadcometobeingkilled.想到差一点丧命,我就非常害怕。[名师点津]shock作名词意为“令人震惊的人或事”时,可用作可数名词,其前可以与不定冠词连用。5buryvt.埋葬;掩埋;隐藏(hide);专心于[教材原句]Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.解放军组成小分队,将受困的人们挖出来,将死者掩埋。(1)bury...in...把……埋入……(2)buryoneselfindoingsth.beburiedin埋头于/专心于(做)某事(3)buryone'sfaceinone'shands双手掩面①Shesatthere,(bury)inthought.她坐在那,陷入了沉思。②[朗文辞典]Afterthedivorce,sheherwork.离婚后,她埋头于工作。③Sheburiedherfaceinherhandsandweptwhensheheardthebadnews.当她听到那个坏消息时,她掩面而泣。buriedburiedherselfin6judgen.裁判员;法官vt.判定;判断;判决[教材原句]Yourspeechwasheardbyagroupoffivejudges,allofwhomagreedthatitwasthebestonethisyear.五个裁判听了你的演讲,一致认为这是今年最好的。(1)judge...from/by...从……来判断judgebetweenrightandwrong判断是非asfarasIcanjudge据我判断(2)judgingby/from从……上看;根据……判断①Ifhehadplayedapartinthefilm,hewould(judge)tobethebestactorthisyear.如果他当时出演了那部电影的话,他就会被评定为今年的最佳男演员了。②(j
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