挡土墙设计论文

网络教育学院本科生毕业论文（设计）题目：挡土墙设计学习中心：层次：专科起点本科专业：土木工程道桥方向年级：学号：学生：指导教师：完成日期：挡土墙设计I内容摘要随着社会的进步，公路建设事业也得到了极大的发展，而挡土墙作为特殊结构中非常重要的结构，是公路工程中应用很广的一种支挡结构，同时也作为公路工程一项重要的组成部分，正发挥着越来越大的现实作用，因此，我们需要提高挡土墙的设计水平和严格控制挡土墙的施工质量。这里主要介绍了挡土墙形式的选择及初定尺寸，进行了挡土墙的稳定性验算，分析了墙后回填土的选择，及墙后排水措施的内容和方法，总结了挡土墙施工中的一些具体经验，对挡土墙的设计提出较为合理的建议和措施。后附设计实例。关键词：挡土墙类型；挡土墙尺寸拟定；挡土墙计算挡土墙设计II目录内容摘要·····························································································I引言································································································11挡土墙型式的选择············································································21.1选型原则·················································································21.2重力式挡土墙···········································································21.3悬臂式挡土墙···········································································21.4扶臂式挡土墙···········································································31.5锚杆式挡土墙···········································································31.6加筋土挡土墙···········································································42挡土墙初定尺寸···············································································52.1挡土墙的高度···········································································52.2挡土墙的顶宽···········································································52.3挡土墙的底宽···········································································53挡土墙的稳定性验算·········································································73.1作用在挡土墙上的诸力·······························································73.1.1墙身自重·········································································73.1.2土压力············································································73.1.3基底反力·········································································83.2抗滑稳定验算···········································································83.3抗倾覆稳定验算········································································93.4地基承载力验算······································································104墙后回填土的选择··········································································114.1理想的回填土·········································································114.2可用的回填土·········································································114.3不能用的回填土······································································115墙后排水措施················································································125.1无排水措施的危害···································································125.2排水措施的部位与构造·····························································125.2.1截水沟··········································································12挡土墙设计III5.2.2泄水孔··········································································126挡土墙设计工程实例·······································································146.1初定挡土墙截面尺寸································································146.2土压力计算············································································146.3抗滑稳定性验算······································································156.4抗倾覆稳定性验算···································································156.5地基承载力验算······································································15结论·····························································································17参考文献···························································································18挡土墙设计1引言公路挡土墙是用来支撑路基土体或山坡土体，防止填土或土体失稳变形的一种特殊结构物。在路基工程中，挡土墙可用以稳定路堤和路堑边坡，减少土石方工程量和占地面积，防止水流冲刷路基，并经常用于整治坍塌、滑坡等路基病害.随着我国公路事业的发展,挡土墙的应用日益广泛，之所以广泛应用是因为挡土墙的优点很显著，它施工方便，节省占地，对地基基础要求较低，价格也较为合理。其实不仅是我国，在国外，挡土墙的运用也十分普遍，1965年法国比利牛斯山的普拉聂耳斯修建了世界上第一座加筋挡土墙，很快在欧洲范围内得到普及，随后，日本，美国，加拿大等地也相继应用。现在随着新型结构的研究发展，也出现了一些复合式挡土墙。乳竖向预应力挡土墙等。现在不仅仅是技术上的改变和发展，在外观上挡土墙也有一定的要求，所以说我们对挡土墙的要求越来越高，但我们在技术上也越来越成熟，在本文中我主要阐述了挡土墙的种类，他们各自的优点缺点，挡土墙的尺寸，和挡土墙的一些计算。挡土墙设计21挡土墙型式的选择在各类土建工程中，广泛使用的挡土墙建筑物，统称为挡土墙。虽然用途各异，但都起着支撑墙后回填土体和连接地面高差的作用。1.1选型原则(1)挡土墙的用途、高度与重要性；(2)建筑场地的地形与地质条件；(3)尽量就地取材，因地制宜；(4)安全而经济。挡土墙按建筑材料可分为块石、素混凝土及钢筋混凝土挡土墙等。按结构形式可分为重力式、悬臂式、扶臂式、锚杆式、加筋土式、锚定板式、土钉式及板桩式。挡土墙又可分为刚性挡土墙和柔性挡土墙，刚性挡土墙指由浆砌片石或混凝土砌筑的墙，其基本原理是以墙身自重来维持挡土墙在土压力作用下的稳定。1.2重力式挡土墙重力式挡土墙由块石、毛石砌筑,它靠自身的重力来抵抗土压力。由于其结构简单、施工方便、取材容易而得到广泛应用。根据墙背倾角的不同,重力式挡土墙可分为仰斜、竖直和俯斜三种。按主动土压力大小,重力式挡土墙要优先采用仰斜挡土墙,竖直次之,俯斜少用。仰斜式的墙后填土较困难,用于护坡时较为合理,墙背竖直或俯斜式用于填方较省劲。重力式挡土墙的顶宽不宜小于500mm,底宽约为墙高的1/2～1/3,墙高较小且填土质量好的墙,初算时底宽可取墙高的1/3。为了减少墙身材料,墙体在地面以下部分可做成台阶式,以增加墙体抗倾覆的稳定性。墙底埋深应不小于500mm,为了增大墙底的抗滑能力,基底可做成逆坡。重力式挡土墙的缺点是当墙高超过5m时,要保证其稳定性,势必造成很大的体量,材料用量较多,不太经济。1.3悬臂式挡土墙悬臂式挡土墙指的是由立壁、趾板、踵板三个钢筋混凝土悬臂构件组成的挡土墙。悬臂式挡土墙构造简单，施工方便，能适应较松软的地基，墙高一般在6m-9m之间。当墙高较大时，立壁下部的弯矩较大，钢筋与混凝土的用量剧增，影响这种结构形式的经济效果，此时采用扶臂式挡土墙。挡土墙设计31.4扶臂式挡土墙扶臂式挡土墙指的是沿悬臂式挡土墙的立臂，每隔一定距离加一道扶臂，将立壁与踵板连接起来的挡土墙。扶臂式挡土墙是一种钢筋混凝土薄壁式挡土墙，其主要特点是构造简单、施工方便，墙身断面较小，自身质量轻，可以较好的发挥材料的强度性能，能适应承载力较低的地基。适用于缺乏石料及地震地区。一般在较高的填方路段采用来稳定路堤，以减少土石方工程量和占地面积。扶臂式挡土墙，断面尺寸较小，踵板上的土体重力可有效地抵抗倾覆和滑移，竖板和扶臂共同承受土压力产生的弯矩和