现在分词

（一）现在分词时态\语态主动语态被动语态表达的意义一般式doingbeingdone表示与谓语动词同时发生的动作完成式havingdonehavingbeendone表示发生在谓语动词之前的动作(1).现在分词的形式其否定形式是在doing之前加not(2)、现在分词的句法功能具有形容词和副词的特征,可充当成分:表语定语,宾语补足语,状语1.现在分词作表语•现在分词作表语起形容词作用,说明主语的特征及主语所具备的动作功能。常译为”使(令)…怎样。”如:•Thenewsisverydisappointing.•Hisstoryisverymoving.•(Encouraging,inspiring,exciting,interesting….)2.现在分词作定语•单个分词作定语时放在所修饰名词前•分词短语作定语时放在后,表示主动意义,它与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系,通常可改为定语从句。•e.g.arunningboythegirlstandingthere并且一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句e.g.aboywhoisrunningagirlwhoisstandingthereDon’twakeupthesleepingboy.=Don’twakeuptheboywhoissleepingIdon’tknowthemanwritingsomethingoverthere.=Idon’tknowthemanwhoiswritingsomethingoverthere.注意１：分词的完成时不可作定语注意2：某些现在分词作定语时已不再表示动作已经从分词变为了形容词词①aninterestingstory②anexcitingmatch这些也可以属于现在分词作定语但是不能转化为相应的定语从句3.现在分词作宾语补足语A.作感官动词的宾补see,lookat,watch,notice,find,observe,listento,hear,smelltaste,feel…表示正在进行的意义Wefoundthemreadingintheclassroom.4.现在分词作状语现在分词可在句中作时间、原因、条件、结果,让步、伴随或方式等状语。B.作使役动词的宾补,have,get,keep,send,leave,catch…表示”使…进行/处于(某种状态)”,强调动作或状态的持续性.Canyoukeeptheclockgoing?•1)作时间状语,可以表示三个时间概念•A.表示和谓语动作同时发生,相当于“assoonas”引导的时间状语从句•Hearingthegoodnews,hejumpedupwithjoy.•=Assoonasheheardthegoodnews,he…•=Onhearingthegoodnews,he…•B.谓语动词的动作发生在分词动作的过程中,表示”在做某事期间”相当于由when/while引导的时间状语从句。•Walkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.•=When/WhileIwaswalkinginthestreet,Icameacrossanoldfriend.•=When/Whilewalkinginthestreet,Icameacross…C.如果分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前,分词就要用完成时。如:Havingdonehishomework,theboywentouttoplay.=Ashehadfinishedhishomework,hewentout.2)作原因状语,相当于由because/as引导的原因状语从句。A.和谓语动词的动作同时发生Beingill,hedidn’tgotoschool.=Because/Ashewasill,hedidn’tgo…Notknowingwhattodonext,hewenttohisteacherforadvice.=Because/Ashedidn’tknowwhattodonext,hewentto…B.如果分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前,分词就要用完成时。Havingseenthefilmmanytimes,hedidn’tgotoseeitlastnight.3)作条件状语,相当于由if引导的条件状语从句(If)Usingyourhead,youwillfindaway.=Ifyouuseyourhead,youwillfind…4)作让步状语,相当于由although/though引导的让步状语从句Although/Thoughgettingupearly,hewaslateforthemeeting.=Although/Thoughhegotupearly,hewaslateforthemeeting.5)作伴随状语(方式状语),表示同谓语的动作同时发生,相当于由并列连词连接的两个并列动作。Theysatthereonthestone,talkingwitheachother.=Theysatthereonthestoneandtalkedwitheachother.•注意:只有现在分词的一般式才可作伴随状语,且常放于主句后。6)作结果状语,现在分词的动作同谓语动词的动作几乎同时发生。Themotherdied,leavingfivechildrenbehind.Theyfiredattheenemy,killingtwo.现在分词作独立成分Considering(that)…考虑到……generallyspeaking一般说来Judgingfrom…从……判断Concerning…关于……Comingto…谈到……Proving(that)…假定……supposing(that)…如果……franklyspeaking坦白说talkingof…说到……allowingfor...考虑到……•Judgingbyhisdress,hecomesfromawealthyfamily.从他的衣着判断•Franklyspeaking,Idon‘tlikehimatall.坦率地说，我一点都不喜欢他。•Supposingheisill,whowilldothework?•假如他病了，谁来做这工作呢？•注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性。①时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式havingdone。②语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。③人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。④.避免重复连词⑤.否定词位置⑥.有些动词分词作为插入语⑦.Beingdone不做状语①主语一致性1.Hearingthenews,histearsrolleddownhisface.Whenheheardthenews,histearsrolleddownhisface.2.Lookingupthesky，aplaneisflying.Lookingupthesky，Ifindaplaneisflying.错错Havingfinishedthework，.A.itwasalmostsixo'clockB.it’timetosurftheInternet.C.supperhadbeenalreadypreparedD.wehadarestandthenhadsupper②否定词位置及时间的先后Nothavingbeenthere,wecouldn’tdescribethescenerywell.高考点击______________areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived③避免重复连词Becausewanderingthroughthesquare,soIcaughtsightofmyfriend.Wanderingthroughthesquare,soIcaughtsightofmyfriend.Wanderingthroughthesquare,Icaughtsightofmyfriend.______________moreattention,andthetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.GivenB.TheyaregivenC.GivingD.Havinggiven动词三种形态比较_________(catch)theearlybus,hegotupearly.___________(catch)theearlybus,andyoucannotmissthemeeting.__________(catch)theearlybus,youcannotmissthemeeting.TocatchCatchCatching1.______theprogram,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.A.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.NotcompletingD.Nothavingcompleted（原因状语）高考点击Practice2．Themanager,_______itcleartousthathedidn’tagreewithus,leftthemeetingroom.（时间或伴随状语）A．whohasmadeB．havingmadeC．madeD．making3．Thestormleft,______alotofdamagetothisarea.（结果状语）A．causedB．tohavecausedC．tocauseD．havingcaused4．______fromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasmanyplantsandanimalsnotfoundinanyothercountryintheworld.（原因状语）A．BeingseparatedB．HavingseparatedC．HavingbeenseparatedD．Tobeseparated5.“Wecan’tgooutinthisweather,”saidBob,_____outofthewindow.A.lookingB.tolookC.lookedD.havinglooked6.Findinghercarstolen,_____.•A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelp•B.theareawassearchedthoroughly•C.Itwaslookedforeverywhere•D.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp7.Thebuilding_____willbecompletedinamonth.Itwillbeourlabbuilding.A.topaintB.beingpaintedC.tohavepaintedD.painting