Virginia-Woolf介绍

VirginiaWoolf1882-1941Family’sInfluenceLesbian(同性恋)LiteraryLifeFeminism(女权主义)SuicideWorksLiteraryLife•VirginiaWoolf(1882–28March1941)wasanEnglishnovelistandessayistandcritic,Shewasalsoafeminist,socialist,andpacifist（和平主义者）regardedasoneoftheforemostmodernistliteraryfiguresoftheTwentiethCentury.•Duringtheinterwarperiod(两战期间),WoolfwasasignificantfigureinLondonliterarysocietyandamemberoftheBloomsburyGroup(布鲁姆斯伯里团体).BloomsburyGroupVirginiaWoolfDuncanGrantJohnMaynardKeynesLyttonStrachey•InVirginia’sworks,sheusedatechniquecalled“streamofconsciousness（意识流）”,•Flowsofperceptions,thoughts,feelings,andmemoriesinthehumanmind;•Aliterarymethodofrepresentingsuchablendingofmentalprocessesinfictionalcharacters,usuallyinanunpunctuated(未加标点的)ordisjointed(杂乱的)formofinteriormonologue(内心独白)Whatisstreamofconsciousness?familyVanessaStephenGeraldDuckworthThobyStephenGeorgeDuckworthVirginiaStephenStellaDuckworthAdrianStephenLauraStephenJuliaStephen(mother)SirLeslieStephen（father）PositiveFamilyInfluenceJuliaStephen(mother)PhotographicportraitofJuliaStephen,motherofWoolfHermotherwasborninIndia,latermovedtoEnglandandservedasamodelforpaintersSirLeslieStephen(father)Aneditor,critic,andbiographer,andhisconnectiontoWilliamThackeray(hewasthewidowerofThackeray'syoungestdaughter)HertwohusbandsStrachey,Wolf’sFirsthusband,unfortunately,heisagay,soshortlyaftermarriagetheydivorced.ButStracheyturntobethelife'sclosestfriendstowolf,andintroducesLeonardtoher.Leonard,Wolf’ssecondhusband,gaveWolfmeticulous(一丝不苟的)careinherlife.WithouthimwecouldnotseeWolf’smostsurprisedmasterpiecetoday.VirginiaStephenandLeonardWoolfNegativefamilyinfluenceThesuddendeathofhermotherin1895,whenVirginiawas13,andthatofherhalf-sisterStellatwoyearslater,ledtothefirstofVirginia’sseveralnervousbreakdown.(bipolardisorder躁郁症；mania-depression躁狂抑郁症)Andthedeathofherfatherin1904,shemovedtotheBloomsburyarea.Herbreakdownsalsowasinfluencedbythesexualassault（性侵犯）SheandVanessaweresubjectedtobytheirhalf-brothers（同父异母的）GeorgeandGeraldDuckworthLesbianism同性恋•Sufferingsexualassault（性侵犯）•Frigidity(性恐惧)andsexualfear•ClingtohersisterseriouslyFeminist•Shewasverymuchconcernedwiththerightsandpositionofwomen,especiallyofintelligentwomenandwomenwriters.•Sheactivelytookpartinthestruggleforwoman’srightsofsuffrage&rightstoworkwhichisshowninherThreeGuineas.•Shewroteseveralessaysonthesubject,notablyinARoomofOne’sOwn.SuicideIn1941,asEnglandenteredasecondworldwar,andattheonsetofanothernervousbreakdownshefearedwouldbepermanent.WoolfdrownedherselfintheRiverOusenearherhouseinRichmond.Virginia'slettertoLeonard“Dearest,IfeelcertainIamgoingmadagain.Ifeelwecan'tgothroughanotheroftheseterribletimesagainandIshan'trecoverthistime.Ibegintohearvoicesandcan'tconcentrate.SoI'mdoingwhatseemstobethebestthingtodo.Youhavegivenmethegreatestpossiblehappiness.Youhavebeenineverywayallthatanyonecouldbe.IknowthatI'mspoilingyourlifeandwithoutmeyoucouldwork,andyouwill,Iknow.Yousee,Ican'tevenwritethisproperly.”Virginia'slettertoLeonard“WhatIwanttosayisthatIoweallthehappinessofmylifetoyou.Youhavebeenentirelypatientwithme.Andincrediblygood.Everythingisgonefrommebutthecertaintyofyourgoodness.Ican'tgoonspoilingyourlifeanylonger.Idon'tthinktwopeoplecouldhavebeenhappierthanwehavebeen.”WorksEARLYWORKSTheVoyageOut,1915《出海》NightandDay,1919《日夜》LATERWORKSJacob’sRoom,1922《雅各的房间》Mrs.Dalloway,1925《黛洛维夫人》TotheLighthouse,1927《到灯塔去》Orlando,1928《奥尔兰多》TheWaves,1931《海浪》TheYears,1937《年月》BetweentheActs,1941《幕与幕之间》COLLECTIONSOFESSAYS,literarycommentariesMomentsofBeing,1941,《存在的瞬间》ARoomofOne’sOwn,1929《一间自己的房间》