How-ro-write-an-Exposition

Expositionmeansexplainingorexpounding.Anexpositorypaperexplainssomething,suchashowsomethingismade,whysomethinghashappened,inwhatwaystwopersonsorthingaresimilarordifferentandsoon.Exposition下一页Inanarrativepaperofahistoricalevent,wetellwhathappened,whenandwhereithappened,andwhotookpartinit.Inanexpositorypaper,wediscussitscauseandeffect,itsnature,anditssignificanceinhistory.Expositorypapersareperhapsthetypeofwritingthatismostfrequentlyusedbyastudent,ascientist,oraprofessional.下一页Thingscanbeexplainedinmanyways,forinstance,byprocess(过程介绍),illustration(举例/列举法),classificationanddivision(分类/分项法),comparisonandcontrast(对比/比较法),ananalysisoftheircausesandeffects(因果法)etc..Themostimportantqualityofexpositionisclarity.Toachievethisthewritershould:下一页1.Limithissubjectorthescopeofdiscussion,foritisimpossibletoexplainmanythingsclearlyinashortessay.2.Prepareenoughmaterial(detailsorexamples)tohelphisexplanation;theordinaryreaderoftenfindsabstractdiscussionhardtofollowiftheyarenotillustratedbyconcreteexamples.3.presenthisfactsandviewsinproperorder,intheorderoftimeoroflogicalsequencedependingonthenatureofthesubject.4.Payattentiontotheaccuracyandclarityofwordsandsentences;avoidornamentalaswellasambiguousexpressions.5.Makehisexposition,ifpossible,interestingormoving—anexperiencedwritercanofteninstructandmoveorentertainhisreaderatthesametime.Week1:图表类说明文Week2:实例/过程说明文Week3:因果说明文Week4:对比-比较说明文Week5:分类分项说明文图表作文在近年的大学英语四六级考试和研究生考试中使用较多。图表作文通常为一幅或两幅图表，要求考生能从图表的说明或数字中看出各个表达项目的内在联系及趋势，并用文字表述出来。文章的重点应根据提纲要求放在阐述个人见解方面：说明原因，提供解决问题的办法等。下一页图表类作文图表作文的基本写作模式：1.描述图表内容，将图表信息转化成文字信息；2.对图表进行分析，说明原因。3.写自己的看法、见解，或者预测事物的发展趋势。图表类作文TheChangesinGreatNaturalDisastersWorldwide1.简述所给图表中的变化。2.说明引起变化的主要原因。3.分析这些变化对全球的影响。下一页上一页ChangesinGreatNaturalDisastersWorldwide0204060801001201401960s1970s1980s1990s大的自然灾害(单位：次)死亡人口（单位：万）下一页Back图表上一页Writingmode（划线部分可替换）下一页上一页写作模式（原因分析类）1)Ascanbeseenfromthegraph/table/diagram,therehavebeendrastic/considerable/unfavorablechangesin…(议论的主题)overthepastperiodfrom__to__.2)Tobeconcrete,…only…in__(year)while/whereastheratio(s)wentupto…in__(year).(变化概述)3)Thesechangesaremostdisturbing,soitisnecessaryforustogointothewhysandwhereforesofthemfirst.(Para.1)4)Somechanges,suchas…,resultfrom…,butmanyothershavemuchtodowith…5)Inthefirstplace,man’sexcessiveexploitationof…hasdonealastingdamageto…,onlyto…(原因分析I)6)…(进一步说明)7)Inthesecond,inorderto…,manhashadtooverwork…,whichinturnhasaccelerated…(原因分析II)BackWritingmode（划线部分可替换）下一页上一页8)Inthethird,man’sblindapplicationof…hascausedpermanentchangesin…(原因分析III)9)Amongthesechangesare...(进一步说明)(Para.2)10)Thelistofcausescouldgoon,buttheyarealreadyenoughtoindicatethatthesechangesareproducingmoreandmorenegativeeffectsontheworld.11)Theyhavenotonlymadeitimpossibleforthenaturalsystemstorecovertheirbalancebutalsomadeitharderformantoensurehisbettersurvival.12)Ifallowedtorunitscourse,Iamafraid,thistrendwillcertainlybringmoreseriousthreatstoallthelivingthingsontheEarth,mankindincluded.Back1)Ascanbeseenfromthegraph,therehavebeenrapidchangesinthegreatnaturaldisastersworldwideoverthepastperiodfrom1960sto1990s.2)Tobeconcrete,therewereonly16terriblenaturaldisasters,causing300,000deathsin1960swhiletheratioswentuprespectivelyto131and1,100,000in1990s.3)Thechangesaredisturbing,soitisnecessaryforustogointothewhysandwhereforesofthemfirst.4)Somechanges,suchasthoseinearthquakesandvolcaniceruptions,resultfromthemovementofplatesalongtheweaknessesintheearth’scrust,butmanyothershavemuchtodowithman’sactivities.5)Inthefirstplace,man’smindlessandexcessiveexploitationofnaturalresourceshasdonealastingdamagetotheecosystem,onlytoinvitemorefloods,landslidesandmud-rockflows.ModelWriting下一页Back6)TherarefloodtowhichChinawassubjectedin1998istypicaloftheevilseedsmanhadsowedforhimself.7)Inthesecond,inordertofeedtheirmoreandlargerfamilies,peoplefromallovertheworldhavehadtooverworktheirfarminglandaswellastheirgrassland,whichinturnhasacceleratedthedesertificationofthelandonwhichtheyhavebeenrelyingforexistence.8)Inthethird,man’sblindapplicationofscientificfindingshascausedunfavorableandpermanentchangesinthegloballivingenvironment.9)Amongthesechangesarethedepletionofozonelayer,theworseningofgreenhouseeffect,therecurrenceofhurricanesandtheextinctionofmorespecies.ModelWriting下一页Back10)Thelistofcausescouldgoon,buttheyarealreadyenoughtoindicatethatthesechangesareproducingmoreandmorenegativeeffectsontheworld.11)Theyhavenotonlymadeitimpossibleforthenaturalsystemstorecovertheirbalancebutalsomadeitharderformantoensurehisbettersurvival.12)Ifallowedtorunitscourse,Iamafraid,thistrendwillcertainlybringmoreseriousthreatstoallthelivingthingsontheEarth,mankindincluded.ModelWritingAssignmentWriteonthetopic:TheChangesinGreatNaturalDisastersWorldwideTHEEND上一页Illustration（实例说明文）Illustrationistheuseofexamplestoexplainapoint.Itisthemostcommon,andoftenthemostefficientpatternofexposition.Indeed,itishardtowriteagoodpaperofanykindwithoutusingatleastsomeexamples.Goodexampleshelptoclarifyawriter’sthoughtbymakingthegeneralspecific,andtheabstractconcrete.Theyalsoaddinterestandhelpto