您好,欢迎访问三七文档
赵文通学位英语解题方法指导—阅读理解阅读理解试题的做题方法我们称之为还原定位法,即把试题准确地在原文中进行定位,找到答案所在的句子。这种方法的运用有三个步骤:1.先看试题,后读原文。这样做既节省了时间,又提高了做题的效率和准确度。2.对试题在原文中的位置进行模糊定位。因为试题的出题顺序和文章的叙述顺序存在高度的一致性。3.对试题在原文中的位置进行准确定位。对试题在原文中的位置进行准确定位的前提是抓住试题中的标志词和关键词。标志词主要包括①专有名词,是指表示人名、地名和组织机构等的名词,这样的名词在文章中一般都要大写;②表示时间或年代的词;③专业词汇,这样的词汇一般都是比较难懂,一般是我们不认识的词汇。关键词是指表达试题内容的中心词,一般是试题中的名词和名词词组。[应用举例]Scientistsareracingtobuildtheworld’sfirstthinkingrobot.Thisisnotsciencefiction:somesaytheywillhavemadeitbytheyear2020.CarolPackerreports.Machinesthatwalk,speakandfeelarenolongersciencefiction.Kismetisthenameofanandroid(机器人)whichscientistshavebuiltattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT).(31)KismetisdifferentfromthetraditionalrobotbecauseitCanshowhumanemotions.Itseyes,earsandlipsmovetoshowwhenitfeelshappy,sadorbored.Kismetisoneofthefirstofanewgenerationofandroids——robotsthatlooklikehumanbeings——whichCanimitatehumanfeelings.(32)Cog,anotherandroidinventedbytheMIT,imitatestheactionofamother.However,scientistsadmitthatSofarCoghasthementalabilityofatwo—year—old.(33)Theoptimists(乐观主义者)saythatbytheyear2020wewillhavecreatedhumanoids(机器人)withbrainssimilartothoseofalladulthumanbeing.Theserobotswillbedesignedtolooklikepeopletomakethemmoreattractiveandeasiertoselltothepublic.Whatkindofjobswilltheydo?(34)Inthefuture,robotslikeRobonaut,ahumanoidinventedbyNASA,willbedoingdangerousjobs,likerepairingspacestations.TheywillalsobedoingmoreandmomofthehouseholdworkforusInJapan,scientistsaredesigningandroidsthatwillentertainusbydancingandplayingthepiano.Somepeopleworryaboutwhatthefutureholds:willrobotsbecomemonsters(怪物)?Willpeoplethemselvesbecomeincreasinglylikerobots?Expertspredictthatmoreandmorepeoplewillbewearingmicro—computers,connectedtotheInternet,inthefuture.Peoplewillhavemicro—chipsinvariouspartsoftheirbody,whichwillconnectthemtoawidevarietyofgadgets(小装置).Perhapsweshouldnotexaggerate(夸大)theimportanceoftechnology,butonewonderswhether,inyearstocome,wewillstillbefallinginlove,andwhetherwewillstillfeelpain.Whoknows?31.KismetisdifferentfromtraditionalrobotsbecauseA.itthinksforitselfB.ItisnotlikesciencefictionC.itcanlookaftertwo—year-old.D.itseemstohavehumanfeelings.解:本题的标志词是Kismet,关键词组是differentfromtraditionalrobots,我们在文章第二段的第二句话中找到了试题在文章中的位置,细细读这句话。选项D和这句话的意思是最接近的,因为第二句话中有这样一句itCanshowhumanemotions,选项中的feelings和文章中的emotions是同义词替换,这是阅读理解正确项的一个出题原则。因此是正确答案。32.WhatmakesCogspecial?A.Itlookslikeamother.B.Itbehaveslikeachild.C.Itcanimitatethebehaviorofamother.D.Ithasahugebrain.解:本题的标志词是Cog,接着读文章,在文中寻找关于Cog的论述。关于Cog的论述出现在31题所对应的原文的后面,只有两句话,仔细读完这两句话后,我们发现选项C和原文是对应的,只是文中的单词action被替换成了他的同义词behavior,这是学位英语考试中阅读理解选项设置的一个特点,即同义词替换。33.Inabout15years’timefromnow,robotsA.willbecomespacedesigners.B.willlooklikemonsters.C.willbehavelikeanimals.D.willthinklikehumans.解:本题的标志词是表示时间的15years’time,在读文章是要注意文章中时间词出现的地方。我们接着度第三段,读完以后,我们在文章中没有发现15years’time。但根据模糊定位的原则,第三题所对应的原文就出现在第二题所对应的原文的下面,我们再仔细读第三段。在第一句话中,只出现了时间词2020,题目问的是“从现在起15年以后,机器人会…”,我们一经算计,15年以后,那就是2020年了。所以题目是间接的提问,需要经过我们的计算。那么这道试题所对应的原文就是第三段的前两句话,读完后我们发现选项D.willthinklikehumans.和文章中的句子withbrainssimilartothoseofalladulthumanbeing.是最接近的,选项D是对文章句子的同义改写,这又是阅读理解试题选项设置的一个原则。34.InthefuturerobotswillalsoA.explorespace.B.entertainpeople.C.movemuchfaster.D.doallofthehousework.解:这道试题的标志词是表示时间的词组Inthefuture。我们接着第三题所对应的原文接着往下读,发现下面一句话中出现了这个表示时间的词组,因此我们认定正确答案就在这些句子之中。读完这些句子后我们发现选项B在这些句子的最后一句话中出现了。选项D是不正确选项,一般说来如果选项中出现比较绝对化的单词,如选项D中的all,以及every、each、thebest等等,这个选项一般说来都是错误的,这是阅读理解错误选项设置的一个原则。35.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetorobotsinthefuture?A.Critical(批评的)B.Hostile(敌意的)C.Objective(客观的)D.Enthusiastic(热情的,热心的)解:这道提问的是作者对于将来计算机的态度。是最后一道试题,根据模糊定位的原则,我们应当根据最后一段来答题,因为文章中就剩下最后一段我们没有读。现在读一下。从作者的叙述来看,并没有对将来计算机的利弊做出评价,文章是以一个疑问句结尾的:whoknows?从这一点看来,作者的态度是客观的、中性的。因此选项C是正确答案。AGoodCoupleSupportsEachOtherRodneyMace,35,ismarriedwithtwoyoungchildren,andisapart-timeteacherofarchitecturalhistory,“Iamconstantlysurprisedbyotherpeople’ssurprise,whentheycometothehouseandseemecleaningafloororhangingoutthewashing.Theireyesopenwideatthesightofit!Muchofthecommentcomesfrommen.ButIamevenmoresurprisedatthenumberofwomenwhocommenttoo.”HiswifeJane,anOxfordgraduateinmodernlanguages,hasademandingfull-timejob.SheisdirectoroftheCambridgeHouseliteracyschemeforadultsinSouthLondon.HerworkingweekinvolvesseveraleveningsandSaturdays,andatthesetimesherhusbandisinsolechargeofhomeandfamily.Apartfromthis,theysharehouseholdjobsandemployachild-minderfortheafternoons.Thisenableshimtoteachtwodaysaweekandtodowhatheconsidershisprincipalwork:writing.HehaswrittenseveralbooksandspendsmuchofhistimeinBritishMuseumReadingRoom,cyclingtherefromhishomeinBrixton.PeopleasktheMacesiftheythinktheirchildrenmissthem.Onecanarguethatsatisfiedparentsgenerallyhavesatisfiedchildren,butinanycasetheMacesarecarefultoreservetimeandenergytoplaywiththeirchildren.“Andtheyhavenowdevelopedrelationshipswithotheradultsandchildren.”Previously,RodneyMaceworkedfull-timeandJaneonlypart-time.Then18monthsago,thedirectoroftheliteracyschemeleft.“ItseemstomethatJanewasverywellsuitedtodothisjob.Shewasverydoubtfulaboutit.ButIurgedhertoapply.Shedidandshegotit.”JaneM
本文标题:英语三级阅读理解
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-7255310 .html