汽车电动助力转向系统结构及其工作原理分析

西南林业大学本科毕业（设计）论文（2012届）题目汽车电动助力转向系统结构及其工作原理分析教学院系机械与交通学院专业车辆工程学生姓名李铖龙指导教师陈继飞（实验师）评阅人刘学渊（实验师）2012年6月3日汽车电动助力转向系统结构及其工作原理分析李铖龙（西南林业大学车辆工程专业2008级，云南昆明，650224）摘要：在汽车的发展历程中，转向系统经历了由机械式转向系统发展为液压助力转向系统，电控液压助力转向系统和电动助力转向系统的四个阶段。汽车电动助力转向系统与传统的机械、液压助力转向系统相比具有转向灵敏、能耗低、与环境的兼容性好、成本低等优点。在很多高端车上都装有EPS，因此，开发EPS（ElectricPowerSteering）具有很大的实际意义和商业价值。电动助力转向系统主要由控制部分、执行部分和程序这三个部分组成，控制部分主要由信号采集电路、单片机和信号发送电路组成。其中单片机是控制部分的核心部件，信号采集电路采集到的转矩和车速信号送单片机处理后，单片机再发出控制信号给信号发送电路，经过驱动电路驱动电机转动。执行部分主要由电机、减速机构和电磁离合器的组成。它起着转向辅助动力的产生，传递和中断的作用。本文详细分析了汽车电动助力转向系统的结构、工作原理、故障维修以及它的发展趋势系统地介绍了汽车电动助力转向系统。从而得出，电动助力转向系统具有操作轻便、省力的优点。关键词：电动助力转向，单片机，电机控制ElectricpowersteeringsystemstructureandworkingprincipleLiChengLong(VehicleEngineering2008，SouthwestForestryUniversity，KunmingYunnan，650224)Abstract:Inthecourseofdevelopmentoftheautomobile,thesteeringsystemhasgonethroughfourstagesofmechanicalsteeringsystem,thedevelopmentofhydraulicpowersteeringsystem,electronicallycontrolledhydraulicpowersteeringsystemandelectricpowersteeringsystem.Electricpowersteeringsystemsandtraditionalcomparedtothemechanical,hydraulicpowersteeringsystemwithsteeringsensitivity,lowenergyconsumption,andenvironmentalcompatibility,lowcost.Inmanyhigh-endcarisequippedwithEPS,andtherefore,thedevelopmentofEPShasgreatpracticalsignificanceandcommercialvalue.Theelectricpowersteeringsystembythecontrolpartoftheoperativeproceduresofthesethreecomponents,thecontrolpartofthesignalacquisitioncircuit,micro-controllerandsignaltransmissioncircuit.Wherethemicro-controlleristhecorecomponentofthecontrolsectiontosendsingle-chipprocessingofthetorqueandspeedsignalscollectedbythesignalacquisitioncircuit,micro-controllerandthencontrolsignalstothesignaltransmissioncircuitthroughthedrivecircuitdrivemotorrotation.Theexecutivepartofthemainmotor,reducer,thecompositionofthebodiesandtheelectromagneticclutch.Itplaysasteeringauxiliarypowergeneration,transmissionandinterrupttherole.Thispaperanalyzesthestructureoftheautomotiveelectricpowersteeringsystem,theworkingprinciple,faultrepair,anditsdevelopmenttrendofasystematicintroductiontotheautomotiveelectricpowersteeringsystem.Thusobtained,theelectricpowersteeringsystem,easyoperation,Keywords:electricpowersteeringSCMmotorcontrol。目录1绪论...................................................................................................................................11.1项目研究的目地及其意义.....................................................................................11.2电动助力转向系统的发展过程及其发展现状......................................................11.2.1国内发展现状................................................................................................11.2.2电动助力转向系统国外发展现状...............................................................21.3研究内容.................................................................................................................22助力转向系统...................................................................................................................32.1助力转向系统的发展及其分类..............................................................................32.2传统助力转向系统..................................................................................................62.2.1机械液压转向系统的结构及工作原理........................................................62.2.2电子液压助力转向系统...............................................................................112.3机械液压转向系统与电子液压转向系统的比较................................................133电动助力转向系统.........................................................................................................153.1电动助力转向系统................................................................................................153.2电动助力转向系统的结构及其作用....................................................................153.2.1电动转向系统的分类.................................................................................153.2.2电动助力转向系统结构..............................................................................163.2.3电动助力转向系统的工作原理..................................................................173.2.4EPS的控制部分..........................................................................................183.3电动助力转向系统的优点...................................................................................214电动助力转向系统的故障诊断.....................................................................................234.1电机故障自诊断...................................................................................................234.2车速和发动机转速信号故障自诊断...................................................................244.3电磁离合器故障自诊断.......................................................................................264.4控制单元故障自诊断...........................................................................................275电动助力转向系统的发展趋势......................................................................................285.1电动助力转向系统的硬件发展趋势....................................................................285.2电动助力转向系统软件发展趋势........................................................................305.3未来的转向系统——线控转向系统.......