ipv6多方面介绍-英文-ppt

TeamNumber:01Member1:RobertMember2(TL):JuneMember3:JackMember4:WendyMember5:IllidanStormrageInternetProtocolVersion6JITIntroductionTransitionandAdvantagesTechnologyApplicationsDevelopmentprospectsofIPv6(InternetProtocolversion6)isaversionoftheInternetProtocol(IP)intendedtosucceedIPv4,whichistheprotocolcurrentlyusedtodirectalmostallInternettraffic.ItisusedforpacketswitchingnetworklayerprotocolsoftheInternet.IPv6wasdevelopedbytheInternetEngineeringTaskForce(IETF)todealwiththislong-anticipatedIPv4addressexhaustion,andisdescribedinInternetstandarddocumentRFC2460,publishedinDecember1998.◆Background◆Reasonofgeneration◆PlanandGoal◆Features◆SituationatpresentBythebeginningof1990,InternetEngineeringTaskForce(IETF)startedplanningthenextgenerationofIPv4protocol.ExcepttosolvetheshortageoftheIPaddress,alsoneedtodevelopmorefunctionality,forthisteamIPngIETFcreated,inordertoletthefollow-upworksmoothly.In1994,therepresentativesofIPngheldthemeetingIETFproposethedevelopmentplanofIPv6formallyinToronto.TheproposalwasapproveduntilNovember17ofthesameyear,andbecomeathedraftofIETFstandardinAugust10,1998.ThelackofspaceofthenetworkisthemainreasontoformIPv6.IPv6wasdevelopedbytheInternetEngineeringTaskForce(IETF)todealwiththislong-anticipatedIPv4addressexhaustion.IPv6planistobuildthefoundationofthefutureInternetexpand,ThegoalistoreplaceIPv4,predictthatIPv4willstillbesupportedbefore2025Soastogivenewprotocolenoughtimetoimprove.•LargerAddressSpace•Aggregation-basedaddresshierarchy–Efficientbackbonerouting•EfficientandExtensibleIPdatagram•StatelessAddressAutoconfiguration•Security(IPsecmandatory)•MobilityAlthoughIPv6,in1994,hasbeendesignatedasthenextstandardgenerationofIPv4IETF,however,intheworldscopeusethepublicsitesdeployedbyIPv6comparedtoIPv4isverylittle.AndthereisanobviousdeviationbetweenthecoreproblemscanbesolvedbyIPv6andthekeyproblemsthatInternetarefacing.IPv6canreducethecomplexityandcosts,butthereisonlythemanufacturercanfeelthisadvantage,Usersandoperatorscan'texperiencedirectly.TherearesomeproblemsduringthedevelopmentofIPv6atpresent.However,thedefinitefactisthattheseproblemswillbesolvedonebyoneinthenearfutureandthetechnologyofIPv6willbemorematureandperfect.EvolutionofIPv4toIPv6IPv6TestNetworkStageWideStageofIPv6IPv6TrialPhasePureIPv6ApplicationStageThreesolutionsduringtransitionphaseNAT-PTDual-stackTunnel1.Largeraddressspace10000000000000001000001000001000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100010111111111↓10000000000000010000010000010000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100010111111111↓8001:0410:0000:0001:0000:0000:0000:45ff↓8001:410:0:1:0:0:0:45ff↓8001:410:0:1::45ffAdvantagesAddresslength:128bits(16bytes)2^12832bits(4bytes）2^322.BetterQoSSupportAnetworksecuritymechanism.Resolvenetworkdelays,congestionandsoon.QualityofServiceEqualTreatment(V4)ClassificationandSpecialhandling(V6)FlowMark3.Morebuilt-insecurityfeaturesEssentialprotocols:IPSec——AH(AuthenticationHeaderProtocol)——ESP(EncapsulatingSecurePayloadProtocol)——IKE(InternetKeyExchangeProtocol)ArchitectureESPprotocolAHprotocolEncryptionalgorithmAuthenticationalgorithmExplaindomainKeymanagementPolicy4.GreaterscalabilityIPv6packetPayloadTheupperlayerprotocoldataunitIPv6headerExtendedheaderIPv6extensionheadersarenotlimitedby405.MoreefficientroutingaddressUnicastAddressAnycastAddressMulticastAddress1、Clusteringmechanism2、Flowidentification3、MulticastroutingIPv4AddressAllocation-1998Loopholesinv4AddressSpace•Eachpixelrepresentsa/24•Routingtableswereusedtogenerateyellowportionsofthetable–routableaddresses–IncompleteviewoftheentireInternet•Packettraceswereusedtogenerateblackportionsofthetable–source/destinationaddresses–Raisesmorequestionsthanitanswers•ClassA’sallocatedtocompanies,etc.usedforinternalroutingonly•ClassB&Callocationfromlowesttohighest•Reservedaddressspace•UnallocatedspaceIPv6Background•IPhasbeenpatched(subnets,supernets)butthereisstillthefundamental32bitaddresslimitation•IETFstartedefforttospecifynewversionofIPin1991–Newversionwouldrequirechangeofheader–Includeallmodificationsinonenewprotocol–Solicitationofsuggestionsfromcommunity–ResultwasIPngwhichbecameIPv6–Firstversioncompletedin’94•Samearchitecturalprinciplesasv4–onlybiggerAddressSpaceandNotation•Allocationisclassless–Prefixesspecifydifferentuses(unicast,multicast,anycast)•Anycast:sendpacketstonearestmemberofagroup–Prefixescanbeusedtomapv4tov6spaceandvisa-versa–Lotsofflexibilitywith128bits!•Standardrepresentationissetofeight16-bitvaluesseparatedbycolons–Iftherearelargenumberofzeros,theycanbeomittedwithseriesofcolons–Addressprefixes(slashnotation)arethesameasv4AddressPrefixAssignments00000000Reserved00000001Unassigned0000001ReservedforNSAP(non-IPaddressesusedbyISO)0000010ReservedforIPX(non-IPaddressesusedbyIPX)0000011Unassigned00001Unassigned0001Unassigned001UnicastAddressSpace010Unassigned011Unassigned100Unassigned101Unassigned110Unassigned1110Unassigned11110Unassigned111110Unassigned1111110Unassigned111111100Unassigned111111101