九年级初三英语定语从句完整归纳讲解及练习

一、定语从句的概念定语从句的用法和精练在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词后二、定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that,which,who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。三、定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。四、关系代词的用法（一）限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法作用宾语先行词主语及物动词宾语或没被提前的介词宾语被提前的的介定语词宾语指人Who/that,asWho/whom/that,as介词+whomWhose/ofwhom指物Which/that,asThat/which,as介词+whichWhose/ofwhich1.that既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:Marylikesmusicthatisquietandgentle玛.Thecoat(that)Iputonthedeskisblue我.丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:Thebuildingwhichstandsnearthetrainstationisasupermarke位t.家超市。(作主语)于火车站附近的那座大楼是一Thefilm(which)wesawlastnightwaswonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)3.who,whom用于指人,who用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如:ThegirlwhooftenhelpsmewithmyEnglishisfromEngland.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)Whoistheteacher(whom)LiMingistalkingto?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who,that,which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:Thisisthehouseinwhichwelivedlastyear这.是我们去年居住的房子。PleasetellmefromwhomyouborrowedtheEnglishnovel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:Thisisthepersonwhomyouarelookingfor.这就是你要找的那个人。(3)that作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:Thecitythatshelivesinisveryfaraway她.(4)关系词只能用that的情况:居住的城市非常远。a.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:Hewasthefirstpersonthatpassedtheexam他.的人。是第一个通过考试b.被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,theone等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?c.先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast,little,few等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:ThisisthesamebikethatIlost这.就是我丢的那辆自行车。d.先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:Whoisthegirlthatiscrying?正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?f.主句是therebe结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom桌.子上那本书是汤姆的。h.有两个定语从句时，其中一个宜用which，另外一个宜用that。如：Theysecretlybuiltupasmallfactory,whichproducedthingsthatcouldcausepollution.I.当先行词在主句中作表语。而关系代词在从句中也作表语时，如：Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatisusedtobe.(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that的情况:a.先行词为that,those时,用which,而不用that.例如:What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk在?桌子底下的那些东西是什么?b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他居住的房间。c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which,而不用that.例如:Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。{d.先行词后面有插入语时，只用which不用that。HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich,asI’vetoldyou,willhelpyouimproveyourEnglish.（6）as引导限制性定语从句常用下列句式；a.such+名词+as..b.such(pron)+asc.thesame+名词+as(二)非限制性定语从句中关系代词的用法作用先行词宾语主语及物动词宾语被提前的的介定语词宾语指人Who,asWho/whom,as介词+whomWhose/ofwhom指物Which,asWhich,as介词+whichWhose/ofwhich句子which1.关系代词在任何情况下都不能省略，如Iwanttobuyadictionary,whichisvaluabletomylearning.2.who,whom,which不能用that代替。如ThisisNewYork,whichIhavevisitedforseveraltimes.3.which引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词可以是一个词也可以是一个句子。如Hewaslateagain,whichmadetheteacherveryunhappy.五、关系副词的用法（一）当关系代词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词。其中when=表示间的介词（如：in，at，on,during等）+which；where=表地点的介词（如：in,at,on,under等）+which；why=表原因的介词（如：for）+which.如：IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.(when=onwhich)Canyoutellmetheofficewhereheworks?(where=inwhich)Doyouknowthereasonwhyheisabsent?(why=forwhich)（二）where/when=介词+关系代词which，有时为表达清楚，还可以在关系副词where/when前加介词from/to等，如：Chinaisthebirthplaceofkites,fromwherekiteflyingspreadstoJapan,Korea,ThailandandIndia.(三)关系副词when,where可用于非限制性定语从句中，而关系副词why不可以。I.单项填空。1.-Doyouknowthemanistalkingwithyourfather?-Yes,he’sourheadmra.steA.heB.whoC.whichD.whom2.IsthistheriverIcanswim?A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.theone3.ThisisthebesthotelinthecityIknow.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.it4.Canyoulendmethedictionarytheotherday?A.thatyouboughtB.youboughtitC.thatyouboughtitD.whichyouboughtit5.AnyonewithwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands.A.whichagreesB.whoagreeC.whoagreesD.whichagree6.Mywatchisnottheonlythingismissing.A.thatB.itC.whichwho7.ThemancoatisblackiswaitingatthegateA.who’sB.whoseC.thatofwhich.8.Thegirlisreadingunderthetreemysister.A.which;isB.whom;wasC.who;isD.who;was9.Iloveplacesthepeoplearereallyfriendly.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.who10.Theworldismadeupofmatter.A.inthatweliveB.onwhichweliveC.whereweliveinD.welivein11.Doyouknowthescientistgaveusatalkjustnow?天(A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose津市)12.ThisisthedictionaryMumgavemeformybirthday.(河北省)A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.whom13.ShaolinTempleliesinthewestofZhengzhouwelcomesthevisitorsbothathomeandabroad.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.what14.—Doyouknowthegirlisstandingunderthetree?—Sheismylittlesister.(福州市)A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which15.Thisisthequestionwearetalkingaboutnow.吉(A.thatB.whoC.whereD.when16.—Whatareyoulookingfor?—IamlookingforthebookIboughtyesterday.长(A.whoB.whichC.whose林省)沙市)17.Jack,thereissomeoneintheofficewouldliketospeakwithyou.厦(门市)A.whoB.whichC.whom18.Ifabagisfilledwithbooksandpens,itmustbelongtosomeoneworkshard临.(沂市)A.whichB./C.whomD.who19.Manyyoungpeoplepreferthesongshavegreatlyrics泰.(安市)A.whichB.whoC.whereD.whom20.Eventeacherscan’tun