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6.精馏塔的塔体工艺尺寸计算1)塔径的计算精馏段的气﹑液相体积流量为VS=V×MVm/(3600×ρVm)=165.46×80.09/(3600×2.87)=1.282m3/sLS=L×MLm/(3600×ρLm)=68.48×84.69/(3600×849.14)=0.0019m3/s式中C由式(5-5)计算,其中的C20由图5-1查取,图的横坐标为(LS/VS)×(ρL/ρV)1/2=(0.0019/1.282)×(849.14/2.87)1/2=0.0255取板间距HT=0.45m,板上层液高度为hL=0.05m,则HT-hL=0.45-0.05=0.40m查116页图5—1得,C20=0.084C=C20(σL/20)0.2=0.084(21.471/20)0.2=0.085umax=0.085×849.14-2.87/2.87()=1.46m/s取安全系数为0.65,则空塔气速为u=0.65×umax=0.65×1.46=0.949m/sD=SV/u4()=1.282/4940.9()=1.311m按标准塔径圆整后为D=1.4m。塔截面积为2T221.4/4=1.5A=D/39m4=()实际空塔气速为u=1.282/1.539=0.832m/s2)精馏塔有效高度的计算精馏段有效高度为Z精=(N精-1)HT=(6-1)×0.45=2.25m提溜段有效高度为Z提=(N提-1)HT=(14-1)×0.45=5.85m在进料板上方开一人孔,其高度为0.9m。故精馏塔的有效高度为Z=Z精+Z提+0.9=9m7.塔板主要工艺尺寸的计算1)溢流装置计算因塔径D=1.4,可选用单溢流弓形降液管,采用凹形受液盘。各项计算如下。(1)堰长lw取lw=0.66D=0.66×1.4=0.924m(2)溢流堰高度hwwLowh=h-h选用平直堰,堰上液层高度how由式(5-7)计算,即2/3owhwh=2.84/1000EL/l()()近似取E=1,则2/3owh=2.84/10000.0019/0.924=0.0113600()()取板上清液层高度hL=60mm,则wh=0.06-0.011=0.049m(3)弓形降液管宽度Wd和截面积Af故lw/D=0.66,查图5—7的fTA/A=0.0722dW/D=0.124故2d1.5390.111.4=0.0.07220.0722W=0.124D=0.1216m473fTmAA依式(5-9)验算液体在降液管中的停留时间,即3600/36000.110.45/(0.00193600)26.055fThAHLss故降液管设计合理(4)降液管底隙高度h0'00/(3600)hwhLlu取'0u=0.08m/s,则0w00.00193600/(36000.9240.08)=0.0257mh-h=0.049-0.0257=0.0233m0.006hm故降液管底隙高度设计合理选用凹形受液盘,深度为'wh50mm2)塔板布置(1)塔板的分块因D≧800mm,故塔板采用分块式。查表5-3得,塔板分为3块(2)边缘区宽度确定取Ws=Ws'=0.065,Wc=0.035(3)开孔区面积计算开孔区面积A按式(5-12)计算,即222aA=2(x+rarcsin(/)/180)rxxr其中/2()1.4/2(0.17360.065)0.4614/21.4/20.0350.665dscxDWWmrDWm故22222(0.46140.6650.46140.665arcsin(0.4614/0.665)/180)1.12aAm⑷筛孔计算及其排列本例所处里的物系无腐蚀性,可选用3mm的碳钢板,取筛孔直径04dmm筛孔按正三角形排列,取孔中心距t为033412tdmm筛孔数目n为2201.155/1.1551.12/0.0128983nAt开孔率为2200.907(/)0.907(0.004/0.012)0.101dt气体通过阀孔的气速为00/1.282/(0.1011.12)11.33/suVAms8.筛板的流体力学验算1)塔板压降(1)干板阻力hc由式(5-19)计算,即2000.051(/)(/)cVLhuc由0/4/31.33d,查图5—10得,0c=0.790,故20.051(11.33/0.790)(2.87/849.14)0.0355chm液柱(2)气体通过液层的阻力h1计算气体通过液层的阻力h1由式(5-20)计算,即11/21/20/()1.282/(1.5390.11)0.896/0.8962.871.52/()LasTfhhuVAAmsFkgsm查图5-11,得0.591()0.59(0.049+0.011)0.0354Lhhhwhowm液柱(3)液体表面张力的阻力hσ计算液体表面张力所产生的阻力hσ由式(5-23)计算,即-3LL0=4/gd=421.47110/849.149.810.005=0.0021mh()()液柱气体通过每层塔板的液柱高度hP可按下式计算,即c1+h+h=0.0355+0.0354+0.0021=0.073mphh气体通过每层塔板的压降为ppLp=hg=0.073849.149.81=608.09Pa0.7kPa2)液面落差对于筛板塔,液面落差很小,且本例的塔径和液流量均不大,故可忽略液面落差的影响。3)液沫夹带液沫夹带量由式(5-24)计算,即63.25.710()aVLTfueHh2.52.50.050.125fLhhm故63.235.7100.896()0.012/0.1/21.471100.400.125Vekgkgkgkg液气液气故在本设计中液沫夹带量e在允许范围内。4)漏液对筛板塔,漏液点气速u0,min可由式(5-25)计算,即00=4.4c(0.00560.13)/LLVminhhu,=4.40.79(0.00560.130.050.0021)849.14/2.875.979m/s实际孔速0011.33/minumsu,稳定系数为0011.33/5.9791./89minKuu,1.5故在本设计中无明显漏液5)液泛为防止塔内发生液泛,降液管内液层高dH应服从式(5-32)的关系,即()dTwHHh苯—氯苯物系属一般物系,取=0.5()=0.50.45+0.049=0.2495mTwHh()而Ld=++hdpHhh板上不设进口堰,hd可由式(5-30)计算,即'22doh=0.153u0.1530.080.001()mLd=++h=0.073+0.06+0.001=0.134mdpHhh()dTwHHh故在本设计中不会发生液泛现象
本文标题:精馏塔的设计
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