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EducationintheUnitedStates01HistoryofAmericanEducation02AmericanEducationSystem03AmericanEducationCrisis❀EducationintheUnitedStates1HistoryofEducationintheUnitedStates❀TIMELIMEEducationbeforetheindependence(1620——1783)EducationbeforetheWorldWarII(1783——1939)EducationaftertheWorldWarII(after1945)LOREMIPSUMDOLOREducationbeforetheindependence(1620——1783)InDecember1620,theMayflowerbrought102BritonstothePlymouth,intheeasterncoastofNorthAmerica.EducationinMassachusettsThelargestgroupofthesecolonistsisthePuritans.TheyfoundedtheMassachusettsBayColony(马萨诸塞湾殖民地)in1630.1635,BostonLatinSchool,aschoolforthosewhowantedtoprepareforcollege,theoldestpublichighschoolintheUnitedStates.stillinoperationasapublichighschoolEducationinMassachusettsListoftheoldestpublichighschoolsintheUnitedStatesEducationinMassachusettsIn1636,theyfoundedHarvardCollege(NOTHarvardUniversityatthattime)forthetrainingofreligiousminisiters.ItmarkstheopeningofthefirstinstitutionofhighereducationintheUnitedStates.EducationinMassachusettsIn1634and1638,thePuritanspassedlawsdeclaringthatallpropertycouldbetaxedforthecommongood,whichincludedthesupportofschools.Around1640s,allthecoloniesrequiredtownstosetupschools.In1642and1647,theMassachusettsBayColonypassedlawsrequiringallparentstoprovidereadingeducationfortheirchildren.publictaxationforallschoolscompulsoryeducationEducationinMassachusettsOtherBritishColonies•Pennsylvania:Differerntreligiousgroups,decisionslefttodifferentleadersofchurch•Southerncoloniese.g.Virginia:•Therichhiredprivatetutors,sonsofrichlandownersweresenttoEngland•Somelandownersmightallowtutorstoteachpoorwhitechildren.•Veryfewslavechildrenmightbetaughttoreadbutusuallynotallowed.Vocationaleducationincolonialperiod(职业教育)•Themainvocationaleducationform——apprenticeship(学徒制)•In1641,theOldDeluderSatanActoftheMassachusettsBayColonywaspassed,whichsetspecificrequirementsformasterstoteachapprenticesacademicaswellasvocationalskills.Youngboysandgirlslivewiththefamilytheyworkedfor.Inreturnforayouth'swork,thebusinessownermustteachthemtoreadandvocationalskills.LOREMIPSUMDOLOREducationbeforetheWorldWarII(1783——1939)SchoolDistrictSystem•In1837,MassachusettsfirstestablishedtheStateEducationCommissionandcarriedouttheschooldistrictsystem(学区制).•Bythemiddleof19thcentury,itbecamethemainsystemofeducationmanagementintheUnitedStates.•Advantages:convenient,self-governance,welcomed•Disadvantege:regionalimbalanceCivilianSchoolMovement(美国平民学校运动)•BackgRound:theIndustrialRevolution•Reason:•A.Thedevelopmentofindustrialcapitalismmadethepopularizationofprimaryeducationbecomeanimportantissue.•B.Schoolsareprivateschools.(hightuitionfees,thecoursescannotadapttothenewsituation.)•Result:Theworkingclassstruggledfortheestablishmentofpublicfreeschools.Manystatesenactedlawstoallowlocaltaxationtoholdfreecivilianschools.•Influence:From1830sto1860s,Statespassedlawstomakeschoolingcompulsoryfrom1852inMassachusettsto1917inMississippi.TheEstablishmentofWomen'sCollegeIn19thCentury,highereducationbegantoopenforwomen.TheSoongSistersEducationaftertheWorldWarII(after1945)Servicemen’sReadjustmentAct——G.I.BillThefederalgovernmentshouldprovideretiredmilitarypersonnelwithtuitionfeesandlivingexpenses.MorethantwomillionveteransenteredtheCollege.NationalDefenseEducationAct•Reason:thesuccessofSputniktest•Content:•A.allocatelargeamountsoffundsforeducation•B.strengthenthemath,scienceandforeignlanguageteaching•C.strengthenthemoderntechnologyeducation•D.increasethefundsforteachingandresearchinCollegesanduniversities•E.establishthenationaldefensescholarship•F.cultivatefirstclasstalentstoenhancethedefenseability.EducationoftheBlackPeopleAmericanEducationSystemChapter2CONTENTSthepublicschoolandtheprivateschool1SchoolStages/Systems23LearningtobeWorldCitizensThePublic/PrivateSchoolThePrivateSchoolThePublicSchoolPublicschoolsystemsaresupportedbyacombinationoflocal,state,andfederalgovernmentfunding.Becausealargeportionofschoolrevenuescomefromlocalpropertytaxes,publicschoolsvarywidelyintheresourcestheyhaveavailableperstudent.PrivateschoolsintheUnitedStatesincludeparochialschools(affiliatedwithreligiousdenominations),non-profitindependentschools,andfor-profitprivateschools.Privateschoolschargevaryingratesdependingongeographiclocation,theschool'sexpenses,andtheavailabilityoffundingfromsources,otherthantuition.ThePublicSchoolandTheprivateSchoolSchoolStages/SystemSchoolStages•FormaleducationintheU.S.isdividedintoanumberofdistincteducationalstages.Mostchildrenenterthepubliceducationsystemaroundagesfiveorsix.•theymaybeginschoolinpre-kindergarten,kindergartenorfirstgrade.Theynormallyattend12gradesofstudyover12calendaryearsofprimary/elementaryandsecondaryeducationbeforegraduating,earningadiplomathatmakesthemeligibleforadmissiontohighereducation.Educationismandatoryuntilage16(18insomestates)SchoolStagesADCSecondarySchoolHigherEducationElementarySchoolBPreschoolandPre-KindergartenPreschoolandPre-KindergartenPreschoolencompassesnon-compulsoryclassroom-basedearly-childhoodeducationpriortotheageoffivetosix.Pre-kindergarten(also
本文标题:Education-in-the-United-States-(3.0)
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