句子成分及句子基本结构(共32张PPT)

句子成分及句子基本结构一.句子成分•1.一个完整的英语句子，至少由两部分组成•_______和________。•2.英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、_____、定语、状语、同位语.主语谓语表语•主语是句子叙述的主体，表明这句话描述什么。•Workersmakemachines.•Shewentoutinahurry.•Threeplusfiveiseight.•Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.•Toseeistobelieve.•Runningisgoodforyourhealth.Whenweshallleavehasn’tbeendecided.㈠主语（subject）（名词）（代词）（数词）（名词化的形容词）（不定式）（动名词）（句子）作主语的有：名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词和主语从句。•①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.•②Thereisanoldmancominghere.•③Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.找出句中主语（名词）（名词）（不定式）㈡谓语说明主语的动作、状态和特征•谓语由简单谓语和复合谓语组成。•①简单谓语•Thesunrisesintheeast.•Helookedaftertwoorphans.•②复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词;•HecanspeakEnglishverywell.•Theworkmustbedonebeforethreeo’clock.•③英语常用某些动作名词代替表动态的谓语动词，表生动。这种动作名词之前常用没有多大意义的动词have,get,take,give等。如：(1).Ihadaswimyesterday.（hadaswim代替了swam）(2).Takealookatthat!（takealook代替了look）(3).Hegaveasigh.（gaveasigh代替了sighed）挑出下列句中的谓语•①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.•②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.•③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?•④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.•⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?•Hedoesn’tlikethejob.•Weenjoyplayingfootball.•Hesaidthathewouldreturnsoon.•Heofferedmethejob.(三)宾语动作的对象或承受者——及物动词或介词的宾语↓间接宾语↓直接宾语（名词）（动名词）（句子）指出下列句中的宾语•①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.•②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.•③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.•④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?•⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?•表语说明主语的性质、特征、状态或身份，与连系动词一起构成复合谓语。•WeareChinese.•I’mnotquitemyselftoday.•Whowasthefirst?•Thewarwasover.•Heisoutofcondition.•Theyseemtoknowthetruth.•Hishobbyisplayingcomputergames.•Thatiswhathetoldmeyesterday.（四）表语（代词）（名词）（数词）（介词短词）（副词）（动词不定式）（动名词短语）（从词）系动词有三类：•A.be动词：am、is、are、was、were•B.表示感官类的动词：look、smell、sound、feel、taste、appear、seem•C.表示变化类的词：go(变得…)、get、become、grow、turn、keep、stay挑出下列句中的表语•①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired.•②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?•③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow.•④Soontheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.•⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.（五）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句•Heisacleverboy.•Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.•Thereare54studentsinourclass.•Doyouknownbetty’ssister?•Heboughtsomesleepingpills.•Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.•Hisspokenlanguageisgood.(形容词)(名词)(数词)(名词的所有格)(动名词)(现在分词)(过去分词)挑出下列句中的定语•①Thisisadifficultproblem.•②Thereissomeexcitingnewsintoday’snewspaper.•③Themanwhohelpsmewithmathsismymathsteacher.•④Heboughtsomesleepingpills.误区警示•①形容词，代词，数词，名词，动名词等做定语时，通过常放在名词之前做定语；而介词短语、动词不定式短语、分词短语、从句等做定语则放在名词之后。叫后置定语。•Thegirlinwhiteishissister.•Wehavealotofworktodotoday.•Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?•②如果被修饰的词为some,any,evey,no等构成的不定代词（如anything,something等），定语要放在这些词的后面。•Thereisnothinginterestinginthebook.•Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.（六）状语状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。通常状语由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词或句子等充当。I’llbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslateforschoolbecauseoftheheavyrain.Hewaitedtoseetheresultofthegame.Itrainedsohardthattheyhadtoputoffthesportsmeet.Heoftengoestoworkbybus.(地点状语)(原因状语)(结果状语)(目的状语)(方式状语)(时间状语)挑出下列句中的状语•1.Shallwedotheshoppingtodayortomorrow?•2.Becausehewasill,Tomlosthisjob.•3.ShespokesosoftlythatIcouldn’thearwhatshesaid.•4.Ifheweretocome,whatshouldwesaytohim?（七）宾语补足语•有些及物动词除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：•make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.•能做宾语补足语的词有：名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、分词和副词等。•Wemustkeepitasecret.•Ifoundthebookveryinteresting.•Pleasemakeyourselfathome.•Sheaskedmetolendherahand.•Hemadehimselfknowntothemfirst.•Pleasekeepthedogout.(名词)(形容词)(介词短语)(动词不定式)(分词短语)(副词)误区警示•主动语态变被动语态后，宾补变成主补•Hewaslastseenplayingneartheriver.•Hewasconsideredtohavestolenthemoney.八、同位语•同位语是解释说明前面的名词或代词的名词短语或从句，对前者进行补充说明•TheGreatWall,oneofthewondersintheworld,attractsalargenumberofforeignfriends.Thefactsurprisedallofus.He,mybrother,isastudent.同位语抽象名词Thefactsurprisedallofus.thattheuniversitystudentkilledhismother同位语从句二、句子结构全称简称主语+谓语Subjuctive+VerbS+V主语+谓语+宾语Subjuctive+Verb+ObjectiveS+V+0主语+系动词+表语Subjuctive+Verb+predicativeS+V+P主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语Subjuctive+Verb+indirectObjective+directObjectiveS+V+IO+DO主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语Subjuctive+Verb+Objective+ComplementS+V+O+C全称简称主语+谓语+状语Subject+Verb+AdverbialS+V+A主语+谓语+宾语+状语Subject+Verb+Object+AdverbialS+V+O+ATherebe(存在句)•(1)S+V（主语+谓语）•Sheneverlies.•(2)S+V+O(主语+谓语+宾语)•Hebringsanumbrella.•Hehasacceptedourinvitation.•(3)S+V+P(主语+系动词)•Theyfeelhappy.•(4)S+V+IO+DO•Mymothermademeabeautifuldress.•(5)S+V+O+C•Theypainedthedoorblue.•(6)S+V+A(主语+谓语+状语)•Hetalkedtoomuch.•Jimrunsinthepark.•(7)S+V+O+A(主语+谓语+宾语+状语)•Heputthecoffeeonthetable.•Ilistenedtoherstorycarefully.•(8)存在句（therebe）•Thereisaruler,twopensandfivebooksintheschoolbag.指出下列句子的基本结构•1.The100-yearoldschoollieinthecentreofthecity.•2.Wemustact.3.Themathshomeworklookseasy.4.Theteacherfoundtheclassroomempty.AvSSvvSPSv0C•5.Mymumboughtmeanewdictionary.•6.Tomislookingforwardtomeetthenewexchangestudent.•7.ThereisanewEnglishcorneratourschool.SVIDDOSVOTherebe•8.Wehadchemistryinthenewlybuiltlab.•9.Studyinganddoinghomeworkseemmuchmorefun.SvoASvP